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Prostate ka barhna kya hai
Prostate aik chhoti si gland hai jo sirf mardon mein hoti hai aur masanay ke bilkul neechay hoti hai. Peshab ki nali (urethra), jo peshab ko jism se bahar le jati hai, is ke beech se guzarti hai. Prostate mani (semen) ka kuch pani banane mein madad karta hai.
Umar barhne ke saath prostate aam tor par barh jata hai. Doctor isay benign prostatic hyperplasia, ya BPH, kehte hain. "Benign" ka matlab hai ke yeh cancer nahi hai. Agar barhta hua prostate peshab ki nali ko daba de, to peshab ko nikalne mein mushkil hoti hai aur masanay ko khali hone ke liye zyada zor lagana parta hai.
BPH cancer nahi hai aur cancer mein tabdeel nahi hota. Lekin dono aik saath ho saktay hain, isi liye aap ke urologist muaine ke dauran prostate cancer ki jaanch bhi kar saktay hain.
Yeh kitna aam hai
Prostate ka barhna bohat aam hai. Aksar 50 saal ki umar ke baad is ki alamaat shuru hoti hain, aur umar ke har guzarte das saal ke saath is ka imkaan barhta hai. Bohat se mardon ka prostate kuch barha hua hota hai lekin unhein koi takleef nahi hoti.
Prostate ka size hamesha alamaat ke mutabiq nahi hota. Chhota prostate bhi takleef deh alamaat de sakta hai, jabke bara prostate kabhi kabhi koi alamaat nahi deta.
Aam alamaat
Peshab karte waqt ki alamaat
- Peshab ki dhaar kamzor ya ahista hona.
- Peshab shuru hone ka intezar karna.
- Dhaar ka ruk ruk kar aana, ya zor lagana parna.
- Aakhir mein qatre tapakna.
- Aisa mehsoos hona ke masana poori tarah khali nahi hua.
Masana bharne ki alamaat
- Din mein baar baar peshab aana.
- Raat ko peshab ke liye uthna.
- Achanak aur shadeed hajat, kabhi kabhi toilet pohanchne se pehle peshab nikal jana.
Yeh alamaat doosri wajohaat se bhi ho sakti hain, jaise masanay ya aasaab (nerves) ke masail, sugar (diabetes), ya kuch dawaiyan. Isi liye sahi muaina zaroori hai.
Tashkhees kaise hoti hai
Aap ke urologist aap ki alamaat aur un se hone wali pareshani ke baare mein poochein ge, aksar aik chhote sawalnamay (questionnaire) ke zariye. Aap se kuch din ki bladder diary rakhne ko kaha ja sakta hai, jis mein aap likhein ke kab aur kitna peshab kiya. Aam tests yeh hain:
- Muaina, jis mein pakhanay ke raaste se naram muaina (rectal examination) shamil hai. Doctor dastana pehni ungli se prostate ka size aur banawat mehsoos karte hain. Is mein aik minute se kam lagta hai. Thori be-aarami ho sakti hai, lekin dard nahi hona chahiye.
- Peshab ka test, infection aur khoon dekhne ke liye.
- Khoon ke tests, jin mein gurdon ka kaam aur aksar PSA test shamil hai. PSA prostate ka banaya hua aik protein hai. Aap ke urologist test se pehle is ke baare mein samjhayein ge. PSA ka barha hona kai wajohaat se ho sakta hai, is ka matlab lazmi cancer nahi.
- Ultrasound, prostate, masanay aur gurdon ko dekhne ke liye, aur yeh naapne ke liye ke peshab ke baad masanay mein kitna peshab bach jata hai.
- Flow test (uroflowmetry), jis mein aap aik khaas toilet mein peshab karte hain jo dhaar ki taaqat naapta hai.
Kabhi kabhi mazeed tests ki zaroorat hoti hai, jaise camera se masanay ke andar dekhna (cystoscopy) ya masanay ke pressure ka tafseeli test (urodynamics).
Ilaaj ke tareeqay
Ilaaj is baat par munhasir hai ke alamaat aap ko kitna pareshan karti hain, prostate ka size kya hai, test results kya hain, aur aap ki majmooi sehat kaisi hai. Aham tareeqay yeh hain:
Aap ke urologist aap ke liye munasib tareeqa tajweez karein ge aur us ke faiday aur khatraat samjhayein ge.
Khud madadi: rozmarra zindagi
Yeh aasan qadam alamaat ke saath zindagi aasan bana saktay hain:
- Pani din bhar mein thora thora piyein, aur sone se do ghante pehle kam piyein. Lekin itna kam na karein ke peshab ka rang gehra ho jaye.
- Chai, coffee, cold drinks aur alcohol kam karein, jo masanay ko pareshan kar saktay hain, khaas tor par shaam ke waqt.
- "Double voiding" azmayein. Peshab karne ke baad thora ruk kar dobara koshish karein, taake masana behtar khali ho.
- Aakhri qatron se bachne ke liye, fotay (scrotum) ke peechay ungliyon se halka sa dabayein aur aagay ki taraf le jayein, taake nali mein bache qatre nikal jayen.
- Qabz se bachein, kyunke yeh masanay par dabao daal kar alamaat barha sakti hai.
- Apni doosri dawaiyan check karein. Nazla zukaam ki kuch dawaiyan, aur kuch aur dawaiyan, peshab ko mushkil bana sakti hain. Lene se pehle doctor ya pharmacist se poochein.
Follow-up
- Apne muaine ki tareekhon par zaroor jayein, taake urologist dekh sakein ke ilaaj kaam kar raha hai aur koi side effect to nahi.
- Jab kaha jaye, dobara tests karwayein, jaise flow test, bladder scan ya PSA.
- Pooche baghair dawaiyan band na karein. Aksar alamaat wapas aa jati hain.
- Nayi ya barhti alamaat ke baare mein batayein, jaise peshab mein khoon ya peshab karne mein kahin zyada mushkil.
Fauran madad kab lein
Agar in mein se koi bhi baat ho, to fauran qareebi hospital ki emergency mein jayein:
- Peshab bilkul na aa raha ho, khaas tor par pait ke nichlay hissay mein dard aur soojan ke saath. Isay urinary retention kehte hain aur fauran catheter ki zaroorat hoti hai.
- Peshab ki alamaat ke saath bukhaar, sardi lagna ya kanpkanpi.
- Peshab mein khoon ke lothray, ya zyada khoon aana.
- Bohat kam peshab aana, saath mein kamar ya pehluon mein dard.
Aam sawalaat
Kya barha hua prostate cancer ban jata hai?
Nahi. BPH cancer nahi hai aur cancer nahi banta. Lekin aik aadmi ko dono bimariyan aik saath ho sakti hain, isi liye urologist prostate cancer ki jaanch bhi kar saktay hain.
Kya mujhe operation karwana hoga?
Zyada tar mardon ko nahi. Bohat se log tarz-e-zindagi ki tabdeeli aur dawaiyon se theek rehte hain. Operation aam tor par tab tajweez kiya jata hai jab alamaat shadeed hon, dawaiyan kaam na karein, ya pechidgiyan paida hon.
Kya goliyan meri jinsi zindagi par asar daalein gi?
Kuch daal sakti hain. Prostate ko dheela karne wali dawaiyan inzal ke waqt mani kam kar sakti hain. Prostate chhota karne wali dawaiyan kuch mardon mein jinsi khwahish kam kar sakti hain ya erection par asar daal sakti hain. Agar aap ko is ki fikar hai to apne urologist se baat karein. Aksar mutabadil dawaiyan maujood hoti hain.
Kya yeh sirf barhti umar ka hissa nahi?
Umar ke saath yeh aam hai, lekin takleef deh alamaat bardasht karne ki zaroorat nahi. Ilaaj se bohat farq par sakta hai, aur yahi alamaat kabhi kabhi doosri wajohaat se bhi hoti hain jin ki jaanch zaroori hai.
Kya jari booti ya desi nuskhe faida mand hain?
Prostate ke liye bohat si herbal cheezein bikti hain, lekin in ke kaam karne ka koi pukhta saboot nahi, aur in ka mayaar bhi mukhtalif hota hai. Jo kuch bhi aap le rahe hain urologist ko batayein, aur kisi nuskhe ki wajah se sahi muaine mein der na karein.
What an enlarged prostate is
The prostate is a small gland, found only in men, that sits just below the bladder. The urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body, runs through the middle of it. The prostate helps to make the fluid in semen.
As men get older, the prostate usually grows. Doctors call this benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH. "Benign" means it is not cancer. If the growing prostate squeezes the urethra, urine finds it harder to get out, and the bladder has to work harder to empty.
BPH is not cancer and does not turn into cancer. The two can exist at the same time, though, which is why your urologist may also check for prostate cancer as part of your assessment.
How common it is
An enlarged prostate is very common. It often starts to cause symptoms after the age of 50, and becomes more likely with every decade after that. Many men have some enlargement without any problems at all.
The size of the prostate does not always match the symptoms. A small prostate can cause troublesome symptoms, while a large one may cause none.
Common symptoms
Symptoms when passing urine
- A weak or slow stream.
- Waiting for the flow to start.
- A stream that stops and starts, or needing to strain.
- Dribbling at the end.
- Feeling that the bladder hasn't emptied completely.
Symptoms of the bladder filling
- Passing urine often during the day.
- Getting up at night to pass urine.
- A sudden, urgent need to go, sometimes with leaking before you reach the toilet.
These symptoms can also have other causes, such as bladder or nerve problems, diabetes, or some medicines. That is why a proper assessment matters.
How it is diagnosed
Your urologist will ask about your symptoms and how much they bother you, often using a short questionnaire. You may be asked to keep a bladder diary for a few days, noting when you pass urine and how much. The usual tests are:
- Examination, including a gentle rectal examination. The doctor uses a gloved finger to feel the size and texture of the prostate. It takes less than a minute and may feel uncomfortable, but it should not be painful.
- Urine test to look for infection and blood.
- Blood tests, including kidney function and often a PSA test. PSA is a protein made by the prostate. Your urologist will explain the test before doing it. A raised PSA has many possible causes and does not necessarily mean cancer.
- Ultrasound scan to look at the prostate, bladder and kidneys, and to measure how much urine is left in the bladder after you pass urine.
- Flow test (uroflowmetry), where you pass urine into a special toilet that measures the strength of your stream.
Sometimes further tests are needed, such as a look inside the bladder with a camera (cystoscopy) or a detailed bladder pressure test (urodynamics).
Treatment options
Treatment depends on how much your symptoms bother you, the size of your prostate, your test results, and your general health. The main options are:
Your urologist will recommend the option that suits you and explain its benefits and risks.
Living with it: self-help
These simple steps can make symptoms easier to live with:
- Spread your drinks through the day, and drink less in the two hours before bed. Don't cut down so much that your urine turns dark.
- Cut down on tea, coffee, fizzy drinks and alcohol, which can irritate the bladder, especially in the evening.
- Try "double voiding". After passing urine, wait a moment, then try again to empty the bladder more fully.
- To stop after-dribble, gently press with your fingers behind the scrotum and move them forwards, to empty the last drops from the urethra.
- Avoid constipation, which can press on the bladder and make symptoms worse.
- Check your other medicines. Some cold and flu remedies, and some other medicines, can make it harder to pass urine. Ask your doctor or pharmacist before taking them.
Follow-up
- Keep your review appointments, so your urologist can check whether treatment is working and whether it causes side effects.
- Have repeat tests when advised, such as a flow test, bladder scan or PSA.
- Don't stop your medicines without asking. Symptoms often come back if you do.
- Report new or worsening symptoms, such as blood in the urine or much more difficulty passing urine.
When to seek urgent help
Go to your nearest hospital emergency department straight away if you have any of the following:
- You cannot pass urine at all, especially with a painful, swollen lower tummy. This is called urinary retention and needs a catheter urgently.
- Fever, chills or shivering together with urinary symptoms.
- Blood clots in your urine, or heavy bleeding.
- Passing very little urine together with pain in your back or sides.
Common questions
Will an enlarged prostate turn into cancer?
No. BPH is not cancer and does not become cancer. A man can have both conditions at the same time, which is why your urologist may check for prostate cancer too.
Will I need an operation?
Most men don't. Many manage well with lifestyle changes and medicines. Surgery is usually advised only when symptoms are severe, medicines don't help, or complications develop.
Will the tablets affect my sex life?
Some can. Medicines that relax the prostate may reduce the fluid at climax. Medicines that shrink the prostate can lower sex drive or affect erections in a small number of men. If this worries you, talk to your urologist, as there are often alternatives.
Isn't this just part of getting older?
It is common with age, but you don't have to put up with troublesome symptoms. Treatment can help a lot, and the same symptoms can sometimes have other causes that need checking.
Are herbal or desi remedies helpful?
Many herbal products are sold for the prostate, but there is no good evidence that they work, and their quality varies. Tell your urologist about anything you take, and don't let a remedy delay a proper assessment.