On this pageIs safhay par
Gurday ki pathri kya hai
Peshab mein kuch namkiyat aur maadni ajza (minerals) ghulay hotay hain, jaise calcium, oxalate aur uric acid. Jab yeh zyada ho jayen, ya inhein ghola hua rakhne ke liye pani kam ho, to yeh chhotay chhotay zarrat (crystals) bana letay hain. Waqt ke saath yeh zarrat aapas mein jur kar pathri ban jatay hain.
Pathri ret ke daane jitni chhoti bhi ho sakti hai aur kuch centimetre bari bhi. Pathri gurday mein bina takleef ke pari reh sakti hai, ya ureter mein aa sakti hai. Ureter patli hoti hai, is liye is mein phansi pathri peshab ka rasta rok sakti hai aur dard ka sabab banti hai.
Yeh kitni aam hai
Gurday ki pathri duniya bhar mein aam hai, aur Pakistan mein khaas tor par. Garam mausam, zyada paseena aur kam pani peena, yeh sab pathri ka khatra barhatay hain. Yeh kisi ko bhi ho sakti hai, bachon ko bhi, lekin zyada tar baray afraad mein dekhi jati hai.
Agar aap ko aik dafa pathri ho chuki hai, to dobara honay ka imkaan zyada hota hai. Isi liye bachao aur follow-up utne hi zaroori hain jitna maujooda pathri ka ilaaj.
Aam alamaat
- Pehlu ya kamar mein dard, pasliyon ke neechay. Yeh dard pait ke nichlay hissay ya jaangh ki taraf ja sakta hai, lehron ki soorat mein aata hai, aur itna shadeed ho sakta hai ke aap aik jagah tik kar na beth sakein.
- Matli ya ulti, aksar dard ke saath.
- Peshab mein khoon, jo gulabi, laal ya bhoora nazar aa sakta hai, ya sirf peshab ke test mein pata chalta hai.
- Bar bar ya fauran peshab ki hajat, ya jalan, khaas tor par jab pathri masanay ke qareeb ho.
Kuch pathriyan koi alamaat nahi deteen aur kisi aur wajah se kiye gaye scan mein ittefaqan nazar aa jati hain.
Tashkhees kaise hoti hai
Aap ke urologist aap se alamaat ke baare mein poochein ge aur muaina karein ge. Aam tor par yeh tests kiye jatay hain:
- Peshab ka test, khoon aur infection dekhne ke liye.
- Khoon ke tests, yeh dekhne ke liye ke gurday kitna theek kaam kar rahe hain aur kahin infection to nahi.
- Ultrasound, baghair dard ka scan jis mein koi radiation nahi hoti. Aksar pehle yahi kiya jata hai, aur pathri par nazar rakhne ke liye bhi.
- CT KUB, gurdon, ureters aur masanay ka jaldi hone wala scan. Pathri ka size aur jagah dekhne ka yeh sab se durust tareeqa hai.
Agar aap ko kai dafa pathri ho chuki hai, to urologist pathri ka tajzia (analysis) aur mazeed khoon aur peshab ke tests bhi karwa saktay hain, taake koi aisi wajah mil sake jis ka ilaaj ho sake.
Ilaaj ke tareeqay
Ilaaj pathri ke size aur jagah, aap ki alamaat aur aap ki majmooi sehat par munhasir hai. Aham tareeqay yeh hain:
Aap ke urologist aap ki pathri aur sehat ke hisaab se munasib tareeqa tajweez karein ge aur us ke faiday aur khatraat samjhayein ge.
Nayi pathri se bachao
Chhoti chhoti tabdeeliyan bara farq daal sakti hain:
- Din bhar kaafi pani piyein taake peshab ka rang halka peela rahe. Garmi mein, paseena aane par, ya bahar kaam karte hue zyada piyein. Sab se behtar pani hai.
- Namak kam karein, jis mein namkeen snacks, achaar aur packet wali cheezein shamil hain.
- Doodh aur dahi band na karein jab tak doctor na kahe. Khanay se milne wala normal calcium pathri ki sab se aam qism se bachata hai.
- Laal gosht bohat zyada na khayein, aur apna wazan munasib rakhein.
Agar aap ki pathri ka tajzia hua hai, to urologist aap ki pathri ki qism ke mutabiq khaas hidayat de saktay hain. Aam mashwaron ke bajaye unhi hidayat par amal karein.
Follow-up
- Apne muaine aur scans ki tareekhon par zaroor jayein, taake urologist dekh sakein ke pathri nikal gayi hai ya barh to nahi rahi.
- Agar aap ko stent laga hai, to us ke nikalne ki tareekh yaad rakhein. Isay likh lein aur usi tareekh par nikalwayein. Zyada der tak laga stent band ho sakta hai, us mein infection ho sakta hai, ya us par pathri jam sakti hai.
- Agar aap ko baar baar pathri hoti hai, to urologist se wajah maloom karne wale tests ke baare mein poochein.
Fauran madad kab lein
Agar pathri ke dard ke saath in mein se koi bhi baat ho, to fauran qareebi hospital ki emergency mein jayein:
- Bukhaar, sardi lagna ya kanpkanpi. Infection ke saath band gurda emergency hai.
- Aisa dard jo dard ki dawa se qaboo mein na aaye, ya itni ulti ke aap pani bhi na pee sakein.
- Bohat kam peshab aana, ya bilkul na aana.
- Sirf aik gurda kaam kar raha ho, ya gurda transplant hua ho.
Aam sawalaat
Kya mujhe doodh ya dahi band kar dena chahiye?
Nahi, jab tak aap ke urologist na kahein. Khanay se milne wala normal calcium dar-asal pathri ki sab se aam qism se bachata hai. Doodh aur dahi band karne se pathri ka khatra barh sakta hai.
Kya tamatar ya palak khana band karna hoga?
Zyada tar logon ke liye nahi. Kuch cheezon mein oxalate zyada hota hai, aur agar tests se pata chale ke yeh aap ki pathri ki qism ke liye aham hai, to urologist inhein kam karne ka mashwara de saktay hain. Warna mutawazan ghiza aur kaafi pani sab se zaroori hai.
Kya zyada pani peene se har pathri nikal jati hai?
Kaafi pani peene se chhoti pathri nikalne mein madad milti hai aur nayi pathri se bachao hota hai. Bari pathri chahe jitna pani piyein, nahi nikalti aur us ka ilaaj zaroori hai. Aik dam bohat zyada pani peene ke bajaye din bhar thora thora piyein.
Kya jari booti ya desi nuskhe azmana mehfooz hai?
Is ka koi pukhta saboot nahi ke jari booti pathri ghulati hai, aur kuch nuskhe gurdon ko nuqsan bhi pohncha saktay hain. Jo kuch bhi aap le rahe hain, apne urologist ko batayein, aur kisi nuskhe ki wajah se ilaaj mein der na karein, khaas tor par agar gurda band ho.
Kya meri pathri dobara hogi?
Pathri aksar dobara ho jati hai, lekin hamesha nahi. Kaafi pani peena, khanay ki hidayat par amal karna aur follow-up par jana pathri se bachne ka sab se behtar tareeqa hai.
What kidney stones are
Urine contains dissolved minerals and salts, such as calcium, oxalate and uric acid. When there is too much of these, or too little fluid to keep them dissolved, they can form tiny crystals. Over time, the crystals can stick together and grow into a stone.
Stones range from the size of a grain of sand to a few centimetres across. A stone can stay in the kidney without causing trouble, or it can move into the ureter. The ureter is narrow, so a stone moving through it can block the flow of urine and cause pain.
How common they are
Kidney stones are common around the world, and especially common in Pakistan. Hot weather, heavy sweating and not drinking enough fluid all make stones more likely. They can affect anyone, including children, but are most often seen in adults.
Once you have had one stone, you are more likely to form another. That is why prevention and follow-up matter as much as treating the stone you have now.
Common symptoms
- Pain in the side or back, below the ribs. It can spread to the lower tummy or groin, often comes in waves, and can be severe enough that you can't sit still.
- Feeling sick or vomiting, often with the pain.
- Blood in the urine, which may look pink, red or brown, or may only show up on a urine test.
- Needing to pass urine often or urgently, or a burning feeling, especially when a stone is close to the bladder.
Some stones cause no symptoms at all and are found by chance on a scan done for another reason.
How they are diagnosed
Your urologist will ask about your symptoms and examine you. The usual tests are:
- Urine test to look for blood and infection.
- Blood tests to check how well your kidneys are working and look for signs of infection.
- Ultrasound scan, a painless scan with no radiation, often used first and to monitor stones over time.
- CT KUB, a quick scan of the kidneys, ureters and bladder. It is the most accurate way to see a stone's size and position.
If you have had several stones, your urologist may also ask for the stone to be analysed and for further blood and urine tests, to look for a cause that can be treated.
Treatment options
Treatment depends on the size and position of the stone, your symptoms, and your general health. The main options are:
Your urologist will recommend the option that suits your stone and your health, and explain its benefits and risks.
Reducing the chance of new stones
Simple changes can make a real difference:
- Drink enough fluid through the day so your urine stays pale yellow. Drink more in hot weather, when you sweat, or if you work outdoors. Water is the best choice.
- Cut down on salt, including salty snacks, pickles (achaar) and processed foods.
- Don't cut out dairy unless your doctor tells you to. Normal amounts of calcium from food help protect against the most common type of stone.
- Avoid very large amounts of red meat, and keep to a healthy weight.
If your stone has been analysed, your urologist may give you more specific advice for your type of stone. Follow that advice over general tips.
Follow-up
- Keep your review appointments and scans, so your urologist can check the stone has gone or is not growing.
- If you have a stent, know its removal date. Write it down and keep to it. A stent left in too long can become blocked, infected or coated with stone.
- If you keep forming stones, ask your urologist about tests to find the cause.
When to seek urgent help
Go to your nearest hospital emergency department straight away if you have stone pain together with any of the following:
- Fever, chills or shivering. A blocked kidney with infection is an emergency.
- Pain that painkillers don't control, or vomiting that stops you keeping fluids down.
- Passing very little urine, or none at all.
- Only one working kidney, or a kidney transplant.
Common questions
Should I stop drinking milk or eating dairy?
No, not unless your urologist advises it. Normal amounts of calcium from food actually help prevent the most common type of kidney stone. Cutting out dairy can make stones more likely.
Do I need to stop eating tomatoes or spinach?
For most people, no. Some foods are high in oxalate, and your urologist may advise limiting them if tests show this matters for your type of stone. Otherwise, a normal balanced diet with plenty of fluid is the priority.
Will drinking lots of water flush out any stone?
Drinking enough helps small stones pass and prevents new ones. Larger stones will not pass however much you drink, and need treatment. Drink steadily through the day rather than forcing very large amounts at once.
Are herbal or desi remedies safe to try?
There is no good evidence that herbal remedies dissolve stones, and some can harm the kidneys. Tell your urologist about anything you are taking, and don't let a remedy delay treatment, especially if the kidney is blocked.
Will my stone come back?
Stones often do come back, but not always. Drinking enough fluid, following dietary advice, and attending follow-up give you the best chance of staying stone-free.