Ultrasound scans (kidneys, bladder and scrotum)Ultrasound scans (kidneys, bladder aur scrotum)

Yeh test kya hai aur kyun kiya jata hai

Aik chhota probe, jis par gel lagi hoti hai, khaal par ghumaya jata hai. Woh aisi awaaz ki lehrein bhejta hai jo aap ko sunayi nahi deti aur wapas aane wali gunj ko pakadta hai, aur computer unhein zinda tasveeron mein badal deta hai. Is mein radiation nahi, dye nahi aur sui nahi, aur scan jitni baar zaroorat ho dohraya ja sakta hai.

Kidneys aur bladder ka ultrasound pathri, rukawat se soojhi hui kidney, cysts aur gaanth, kidneys ka saiz aur shakal, bladder ki deewar, aur mardon mein prostate ka saiz dikha sakta hai. Yeh bhi naap sakta hai ke peshab karne ke baad bladder mein kitna peshab reh gaya.

Scrotum ka ultrasound scrotum mein gaanth, soojan ya dard ke liye hota hai. Yeh dikhata hai ke soojan paani hai, phooli hui rag hai, infection hai, ya testicle ke andar gaanth hai, aur aik khaas setting (Doppler) khoon ka bahao dikhati hai.

Test se pehle

Kidneys aur bladder

• Aam tor par aaram se bhara hua bladder chahiye. Aap ka clinic batayega ke kitna paani kab peena hai, aur scan tak peshab rokna hai. Agar aap rok na sakein to staff ko batayein. Woh madad kar sakte hain.
• Hadd se zyada na bharein. Bohat bhara hua bladder takleef deta hai aur behtar tasveer nahi deta. Dard ho to batayein.
• Khaali pait sirf kabhi kabhi chahiye hota hai, jaise jab oopar ka pait bhi scan karna ho. Jo hidayaat milein un par amal karein.
• Aise kapray pehnein jo pait par aasani se oopar uthaye ya khole ja sakein.

Scrotum

• Koi khaas tayyari nahi. Aam tarah khayein, peeyein aur apni dawayein lein.
• Aaramdeh kapray pehnein. Staff ko batayein ke dard kahan hai, soojan ya gaanth kab se hai, aur kya dard achanak shuru hua.
• Agar dard achanak aur shadeed ho to scan ke appointment ka intezar na karein. Fauran hospital jayein (dekhein testicular torsion guide).

Agar aap apni jins ke fard se scan karwana chahte hain to booking ke waqt poochhein. Hamesha mumkin nahi hota, lekin bohat se markaz koshish karte hain.

Test ke dauran

Kidneys aur bladder

Aap peeth ke bal letay hain. Khaal par gel lagayi jati hai jo thandi mehsoos ho sakti hai, aur probe pait par, aur kabhi pehlu ya peeth par, ghumaya jata hai taake kidneys dekhi ja sakein. Probe thora dabata hai, jo bhare hue bladder mein takleefdeh ho sakta hai. Phir aap se peshab karne jane ko kaha ja sakta hai, aur dobara scan hota hai taake dekha ja sake ke kitna peshab reh gaya.

Scrotum

Aap peeth ke bal letay hain aur scrotum ko sahara dene ke liye tauliya rakhi jati hai. Gel lagayi jati hai aur probe aahista se dono taraf ghumaya jata hai. Staff dono taraf ka muqabla karte hain, aur dard wali jagah ko halka sa daba sakte hain. Doppler setting se sansanahat ki awaazein aati hain jo khoon ke bahao ki awaaz hai.

Test ke baad

• Gel saaf kar lein. Is ke baad aaram ki koi zaroorat nahi, aur aap foran apna kaam kar sakte hain.
• Poochh lein ke aap ko usi din doctor ko dikhana hai ya report un tak bheji jayegi.
• Agar scan se pehle paani peene ko kaha gaya tha to ab aap toilet ja sakte hain.

Mumkina khatrat

Ultrasound ka koi maloom nuqsan nahi. Yeh hamal mein aur bachon ke liye mehfooz hai, aur dohraya ja sakta hai.

Is ki hudood mukhtalif hain. Tasveer scan karne wale ki maharat par, aur is par ke awaaz ki lehrein jism mein kitni saaf guzarti hain, munhasir hoti hai. Aanton ki gas ya bhaari jism kuch hissay dekhna mushkil kar sakte hain, aur ureter ki chhoti pathri chhoot sakti hai. Agar zyada tafseel chahiye ho to CT scan ya MRI maanga ja sakta hai (dekhein CT scans ki guide).

Aap ke nateeje

Scan karne wala shayad usi waqt aap ko nateeja na bataye. Report likhi jati hai aur aap ka urologist use aap ki alamaat ke saath parhta hai. Meherbani karke report aur tasveerein apne urologist ke paas layein.

Report mein aap yeh alfaaz dekh sakte hain:

• Calculus ka matlab pathri hai.
• Hydronephrosis ka matlab kidney ki soojan hai, jo aksar rukawat se hoti hai.
• Simple cyst pani se bhari thaili hai. Yeh aam hain aur aksar be-zarar hoti hain.
• Residual urine ya post-void residual ka matlab peshab karne ke baad bladder mein bachay hue peshab ki miqdar hai.
• Hydrocele aur varicocele scrotum mein paani ki soojan aur phooli hui ragein hain (dekhein hydrocele aur varicocele ki guides). Dono aam hain aur cancer nahi.
• Epididymitis ya epididymo-orchitis ka matlab infection ya sozish hai (dekhein epididymo-orchitis guide).
• Testicle ke andar lesion ka matlab testicle ke andar gaanth hai. Is ko jald urologist se dikhana chahiye (dekhein testicle ki gaanth ki guide).

Normal ultrasound tasalli ki baat hai, lekin yeh hamesha har alamat ki wajah nahi batata. Agar alamaat jari rahein to apne doctor ke paas wapas jayein.

Aam sawalaat

What it is and why it is done

A small probe, covered with gel, is moved over the skin. It sends out sound waves that you cannot hear and picks up the echoes that come back, and a computer turns them into live pictures. There is no radiation, no dye and no needle, and the scan can be repeated as often as needed.

An ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder can show stones, a swollen kidney from a blockage, cysts and lumps, the size and shape of the kidneys, the wall of the bladder, and in men the size of the prostate. It can also measure how much urine is left in the bladder after you pass urine.

An ultrasound of the scrotum is used for a lump, swelling or pain in the scrotum. It shows whether the swelling is fluid, an enlarged vein, an infection, or a lump inside the testicle, and a special setting (Doppler) shows blood flow.

Before the test

Kidneys and bladder

• You usually need a comfortably full bladder. Your clinic will tell you how much to drink and when, and to hold on until the scan. If you cannot hold on, tell the staff. They can help.
• Do not overdo it. A very full bladder is uncomfortable and does not give a better picture. Say so if you are in pain.
• Fasting is only needed sometimes, for example if your upper tummy is scanned as well. Follow the instructions you are given.
• Wear clothes that are easy to lift or open at the tummy.

Scrotum

• No special preparation. Eat, drink and take your medicines as usual.
• Wear comfortable clothes. Tell the staff where it hurts, how long you have had the swelling or lump, and whether the pain started suddenly.
• If the pain is sudden and severe, do not wait for a scan appointment. Go to hospital now (see the testicular torsion guide).

If you prefer a scan by a person of the same sex, ask when you book. It may not always be possible, but many centres try to arrange it.

During the test

Kidneys and bladder

You lie on your back. Gel is put on the skin, which may feel cool, and the probe is moved over your tummy and sometimes your side or back to see the kidneys. The probe presses a little, which can be uncomfortable if your bladder is full. You may then be asked to go and empty your bladder, and be scanned again to see how much urine is left behind.

Scrotum

You lie on your back with a towel supporting the scrotum. Gel is applied and the probe is moved gently over each side. The staff compare the two sides, and may press lightly on a painful spot. The Doppler setting makes whooshing sounds that are the sound of blood flowing.

After the test

• Wipe off the gel. There is nothing to recover from, and you can carry on as usual straight away.
• Ask whether you should see your doctor the same day or whether the report will be sent to them.
• If you were asked to drink water first, you can now go to the toilet.

Possible risks

Ultrasound has no known harmful effects. It is safe in pregnancy and for children, and it can be repeated.

Its limits are different. The pictures depend on the skill of the person scanning, and on how clearly the sound waves travel through the body. Gas in the bowel or a larger body size can make some parts harder to see, and a small stone in the ureter can be missed. If more detail is needed, a CT scan or MRI may be asked for (see the CT scans guide).

Your results

The person scanning may not tell you the findings at the time. A report is written and your urologist reads it with your symptoms. Please take the report and any pictures to your urologist.

Words you may see on a report:

• Calculus means a stone.
• Hydronephrosis means a swollen kidney, often from a blockage.
• Simple cyst means a fluid-filled sac. These are common and usually harmless.
• Residual urine or post-void residual means the urine left in the bladder after you pass urine.
• Hydrocele and varicocele are a fluid swelling and enlarged veins in the scrotum (see the hydrocele and varicocele guides). Both are common and not cancer.
• Epididymitis or epididymo-orchitis means infection or inflammation (see the epididymo-orchitis guide).
• A lesion inside the testicle means a lump within the testicle itself. This needs to be seen by a urologist soon (see the lump in the testicle guide).

A normal ultrasound is reassuring, but it does not always explain every symptom. If your symptoms continue, go back to your doctor.

Common questions