Male infertility (difficulty fathering a child)Male infertility (bachche ke baap banne mein mushkil)

Male infertility kya hai

Male infertility ka matlab hai ke miyan biwi hamal nahi thehra paye, aur is ki wajah mein mard ke sperm ka bhi hissa ho sakta hai. Hamal ke liye mard ko theek sperm kaafi tadad mein banane hote hain, sperm ko achhi tarah harkat karni hoti hai, aur unhein nalion se guzar kar ejaculation ke waqt bahar nikalna hota hai. In marhalon mein se kisi ek mein bhi masla ho to hamal mein mushkil ho sakti hai.

Agar aap taqreeban aik saal se baqaida koshish kar rahe hain aur kamyabi nahi mili, to dono ki jaanch karwana munasib hai. Agar donon mein se kisi ko pehle se koi masla ho, ya biwi ki umar zyada ho, to is se pehle doctor ko dikhayen.

Male infertility aik tibbi masla hai. Yeh kamzori ki alamat nahi, is ka mard hone se koi taluq nahi, aur yeh khud se erection ya jinsi khwahish par asar nahi daalti. Meherbani karke na apne aap ko aur na apni biwi ko qasoorwar thehrayen.

Yeh kitni aam hai

Bachche mein mushkil aam hai, aur bohat se joron mein mard ka bhi hissa hota hai, akele ya biwi ke saath mil kar. Isi liye dono ki jaanch saath saath, aur jald, honi chahiye. Yeh sirf aurat ka masla nahi.

Yeh kyun hoti hai

Aksar aik se zyada wajohat hoti hain, aur kabhi kabhi koi wazeh wajah nahi milti. Wajohat teen gharon mein aati hain.

Sperm banane mein masail

• Varicocele, yaani testicle ke gird ki rag-on ka soojna (dekhein varicocele guide).
• Aisa testicle jo bachpan mein theek se neeche nahi utra, ya maazi mein testicle ko chot ya mur jana.
• Testicle ya us ke peeche ki nali ka maazi ka infection.
• Hormone ke masail, jin mein testosterone ki kami shamil hai.
• Dawaiyan aur supplements. Kuch dawaiyan sperm par asar daalti hain, aur isi tarah body-building ya "taqat" ki woh cheezein bhi jin mein steroids ya hormones hote hain. Yeh sperm banne ko band kar sakti hain. Meherbani karke koi likhi hui dawai khud se band na karein. Pehle apne doctor se baat karein.
• Cancer ka ilaaj jaise chemotherapy ya radiotherapy.
• Tarz-e-zindagi aur sehat: tambaku, bohat zyada sharab ya nashay ka istemal, mota hona, diabetes aur kuch lambi bimariyan.
• Genetic wajohat, jo kam aam hain aur jin ke liye khaas tests ki zaroorat hoti hai.

Sperm ko le jane mein masail

• Ruki hui nali, masalan infection ya ran (groin) ya scrotum ke operation ke baad.
• Paidaish se nali ka kuch hissa na hona, jo kam aam hai.

Sperm ko bahar pohanchane mein masail

• Erection ya ejaculation mein mushkil (dekhein erectile dysfunction guide).
• Nasoon ke masail ya kuch operation jo ejaculation ke tareeqay ko badal dete hain.

Bohat se mardon mein koi wajah nahi milti. Is ka yeh matlab nahi ke kuch nahi ho sakta, aur aap ka urologist phir bhi aap ke saath options par baat karega. Meherbani karke apne aap ko qasoorwar na thehrayen.

Aam alamaat

Bohat se mardon mein koi alamat nahi hoti. Sirf yeh nishani ho sakti hai ke hamal nahi hua. Kuch mard yeh mehsoos karte hain:

• aam se chhote testicles, ya scrotum mein ganth ya soojan;
• jinsi khwahish mein kami, ya erection mein mushkil;
• climax par bohat kam ya bilkul pani na nikalna;
• jism ya chehre par baal kam hona, ya seene ka barhna, jo hormone ke masle ki taraf ishara ho sakta hai.

In mein se koi bhi is ka matlab nahi ke aap infertile hain, lekin har aik urologist ko dikhane ki achhi wajah hai.

Jaanch kaise hoti hai

Dono saathiyon ki jaanch aik hi waqt par honi chahiye taake waqt zaya na ho. Mard ke liye urologist aam tor par:

• Sawalaat poochega: aap kitni der se koshish kar rahe hain, kya aap pehle kisi bachche ke baap ban chuke hain, bachpan ke masail, maazi ke infections ya operation, dawaiyan aur supplements (jari booti aur body-building ki cheezein bhi), tambaku aur sharab, aur aap ka kaam.
• Muaina karega, jis mein testicles, nalian aur rag-on shamil hain, aur aap ki aam sehat dekhega.
• Semen test (semen analysis) likhega. Aap aik sample dete hain, aur laboratory usay microscope se dekh kar sperm ki tadad, harkat aur shakal check karti hai. Sample dene ka sahi tareeqa laboratory aap ko batayegi. Nateeja aik din se doosre din tak badal sakta hai, is liye aksar dobara kiya jata hai. Aik ghair-mamooli nateeja ka yeh matlab nahi ke aap infertile hain.
• Blood tests ka intezam karega, zyadatar hormones check karne ke liye, aur kabhi kabhi genetic tests bhi.
• Kabhi kabhi scrotum ka ultrasound likhega, ya doosre tests, jo kuch milta hai us par mabni.

Semen test aap ke mard hone par koi faisla nahi. Yeh aik saada test hai jo doctors ko samajhne mein madad deta hai ke kya ho raha hai.

Ilaaj ke tareeqay

Ilaaj wajah, biwi ki umar aur us ki apni fertility, aur aap dono ki khwahish par mabni hota hai. Bohat se joron ko aik se zyada tareeqay aazmane parte hain. Mukhya tareeqay yeh hain:

Agar aap chemotherapy, radiotherapy ya aise operation se guzarne wale hain jo fertility par asar daal sakta hai, to ilaaj se pehle apne doctor se sperm mehfooz (store) karne ke baare mein poochein. Yeh har jagah dastiyab na ho, lekin poochna zaroori hai.

Ilaaj bohat se joron ki madad kar sakta hai, lekin hamal ki zamanat nahi de sakta, aur kuch jore behtareen dekh bhaal ke bawajood hamal nahi thehra pate. Aap ke doctors aap ko sachchai batayenge ke aap ki apni soorat-e-haal mein kya haqeeqat-pasandana hai.

Is ke saath zindagi

Bachche mein mushkil bohat takleef dah ho sakti hai. Udaasi, ghussa, sharmindagi ya fikr mehsoos karna aam hai, aur khandan aksar dabao daal dete hain. Yeh cheezein madad kar sakti hain:

• Aapas mein baat karein. Isay aik team ki tarah sambhalne ki koshish karein, kisi taraf ke qasoor ke baghair. Aap ki biwi par bhi bohat dabao ho sakta hai, is liye us ka saath dein.
• Faisla karein ke kis ko batana hai. Aap ko apne tests ya nataij khandan walon ko batane ki zaroorat nahi.
• "Karishmati" cheezon se hoshiyar rahein. Jo cheez pakki shifa ka wada kare us par bharosa na karein.
• Apne mood ka khayal rakhein. Agar aap udaas, na-umeed hon ya sambhal na paa rahe hon to meherbani karke apne doctor ko bataein. Counselling madad kar sakti hai, aur yeh phone ya video par bhi mil sakti hai.
• Bade faislon ke liye waqt lein. Kuch jore mazeed ilaaj ka faisla karte hain, aur kuch khandan banane ke doosre tareeqon ka, ya bina bachchon ke zindagi guzarne ka. Yeh zaati faislay hain, aur aap ke doctors aap ke saath hain chahe aap jo bhi chunein.

Follow-up

Aap ka urologist aam tor par aap ko dobara dekhega taake aap ke nataij aur ilaaj ka jaiza le, aur zaroorat par semen test dohraye. Apne tests ke nataij saath layein, aur chahein to apni biwi ko bhi. Agar koi ilaaj kaam na kar raha ho to doosri jagahon se cheezein aazmane ke bajaye wapas aa kar agle qadam par baat karein.

Aam sawalaat

What male infertility is

Male infertility means that a couple has not been able to conceive, and the man's sperm may be part of the reason. To make a pregnancy, a man needs to make healthy sperm in enough numbers, the sperm need to move well, and they need to be able to travel through the tubes and be delivered at ejaculation. A problem at any of these steps can make conceiving harder.

If you have been trying regularly for about a year without success, it is sensible for both of you to be checked. See a doctor sooner if either of you already has a known problem, or if the woman is older.

Male infertility is a medical condition. It is not a sign of weakness, it has nothing to do with being a man, and by itself it does not affect erections or sex drive. Please do not blame yourself or your wife.

How common it is

Difficulty conceiving is common, and in many couples the man is part of the reason, either on his own or together with the woman. This is why both partners should be checked together, and early. It is not only the woman's problem.

Why it happens

Often there is more than one reason, and sometimes no clear cause is found. The causes fall into three groups.

Problems making sperm

• A varicocele, which is swollen veins around the testicle (see the varicocele guide).
• A testicle that did not come down properly in childhood, or an injury or twisting of the testicle in the past.
• A past infection of the testicle or the tube behind it.
• Hormone problems, including low testosterone.
• Medicines and supplements. Some medicines affect sperm, and so do body-building or "strength" products that contain steroids or hormones. These can switch off sperm production. Please do not stop any prescribed medicine on your own. Talk to your doctor first.
• Cancer treatment such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
• Lifestyle and health: tobacco, heavy alcohol or drug use, being overweight, diabetes and some long-term illnesses.
• Genetic causes, which are less common and need specialist tests.

Problems carrying sperm

• A blocked tube, for example after an infection or an operation in the groin or scrotum.
• Being born without part of the tube, which is less common.

Problems delivering sperm

• Trouble with erections or with ejaculation (see the erectile dysfunction guide).
• Nerve problems or some operations that change how ejaculation works.

In many men no cause is found. This does not mean nothing can be done, and your urologist will still discuss your options with you. Please do not blame yourself.

Common signs

Most men have no symptoms at all. The only sign may be that a pregnancy has not happened. Some men notice:

• smaller testicles than usual, or a lump or swelling in the scrotum;
• low sex drive, or trouble with erections;
• very little or no fluid at climax;
• less body or facial hair, or breast enlargement, which can point to a hormone problem.

None of these means you are infertile, but each is a good reason to see a urologist.

How it is checked

Both partners should be checked at the same time, so that no time is lost. For the man, the urologist will usually:

• Ask questions: how long you have been trying, whether you have fathered children before, problems as a child, past infections or operations, medicines and supplements (including herbal and body-building products), tobacco and alcohol, and your work.
• Examine you, including the testicles, the tubes and the veins, and check your general health.
• Ask for a semen test (semen analysis). You give a sample, and the laboratory looks at it under a microscope to check the number, movement and shape of the sperm. The laboratory will give you exact instructions on how to give the sample. The result can change from one day to the next, so it is often repeated. One abnormal result does not mean you are infertile.
• Arrange blood tests, mostly to check hormones, and sometimes genetic tests.
• Sometimes arrange a scrotal ultrasound, or other tests, depending on what is found.

A semen test is not a judgement on you as a man. It is a simple test that helps your doctors understand what is happening.

Treatment options

Treatment depends on the cause, on the woman's age and her own fertility, and on what you and your partner want. Many couples need more than one approach. The main options are:

If you are about to have chemotherapy, radiotherapy or an operation that may affect fertility, ask your doctor before treatment about storing sperm. This may not be available everywhere, but it is worth asking.

Treatment can help many couples, but it cannot promise a pregnancy, and some couples do not conceive even with the best care. Your doctors will be honest with you about what is realistic in your own situation.

Living with it

Difficulty conceiving can be very hard. It is common to feel sadness, anger, shame or worry, and families often add pressure. These things can help:

• Talk to each other. Try to face this as a team, with no blame on either side. Your wife may be under heavy pressure too, so support her.
• Decide who needs to know. You do not have to explain your tests or results to family members.
• Be careful with "miracle" products. Anything that promises a guaranteed cure should not be trusted.
• Look after your mood. If you feel low, hopeless or cannot cope, please tell your doctor. Counselling can help, and it can be offered by phone or video.
• Take your time with big decisions. Some couples decide on further treatment, and some decide on other ways to build a family, or to live without children. These are personal choices, and your doctors will support you whichever you choose.

Follow-up

Your urologist will usually see you again to review your results and how treatment is going, and to repeat the semen test where needed. Bring your test results, and your partner if you would like. If a treatment is not working, come back to discuss the next step rather than trying products from other sources.

Common questions