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Epididymo-orchitis kya hai
Har testicle ke peeche aik lipti hui nali hoti hai jise epididymis kehte hain, jahan sperm jama hote hain. Epididymo-orchitis epididymis (epididymitis), testicle (orchitis), ya dono ki soojan hai, jo aam tor par infection ki wajah se hoti hai. Isse scrotum aik taraf se dardnak, soojha hua aur hassas ho jata hai, aur kabhi kabhi bukhar bhi ho jata hai.
Aam tor par is ka ilaaj ho jata hai, aur zyadatar mard poori tarah theek ho jate hain. Lekin yehi dard aur soojan testicle ke mur jane se bhi ho sakti hai, jo emergency hai, is liye achanak, shadeed dard ko yeh dekhne ke liye ke khud theek ho jaye, kabhi nahi chhodna chahiye.
Meherbani karke sharminda ya is baat se khofzada na hon ke koi aap ko ghalat samjhega. Doctors yeh aksar dekhte hain, aur jitni jaldi ilaaj ho utna aam tor par behtar hota hai.
Yeh kitna aam hai
Epididymo-orchitis aam hai. Yeh har umar ke mardon aur larkon ko ho sakta hai, aur aam wajah umar ke saath badalti hai (neeche dekhein).
Yeh kyun hota hai
Yeh aam tor par un jaraseem ki wajah se hota hai jo peshab ke raaste se epididymis tak pohanch jate hain. Mumkina wajah umar aur halaat par mabni hoti hai:
- Jawan, jinsi taur par sargarm mardon mein yeh aksar jinsi taur par muntaqil hone wale infection ki wajah se hota hai. Yeh infections bohat der tak khamosh reh sakte hain, is liye waqt se yeh yaqeeni taur par nahi kaha ja sakta ke yeh kab ya kaise laga.
- Zyada umar ke mardon mein yeh aksar un hi jaraseem se hota hai jo peshab ke infection ki wajah hote hain. Barha hua prostate jo masane ko poori tarah khali na hone de, peshab ki nali (catheter), ya peshab ke nizam par haal hi ka procedure ya operation is ka imkaan barha sakte hain (dekhein peshab ke infection ki guide aur barhe hue prostate ki guide).
- Mumps aur doosre viruses kabhi kabhi testicle ko infect kar sakte hain. Vaccination mumps se bachati hai.
- Lambe arse ke infections, jaise TB (tuberculosis), kam aam wajohat hain. In mein soojan lambay arse tak rehti hai ya baar baar wapas aati hai aur khaas dekh bhaal ki zaroorat hoti hai.
Epididymo-orchitis bhaari cheezein uthane, cycle chalane, garmi, ya kisi khurak se nahi hota. Meherbani karke apne aap ko qasoorwar na thehrayen, aur apne saathi ke baare mein koi andaza na lagayen. Aap ka doctor mumkina wajah maloom karega.
Aam alamaat
Dard aur soojan aam tor par ghanton se chand dinon mein, aik taraf barhti hai. Aap yeh bhi mehsoos kar sakte hain:
- Soojha hua, hassas scrotum, kabhi kabhi jild ke surkh ya garam hone ke saath.
- Bukhar, kapkapi, ya tabiyat kharab hona.
- Peshab karte waqt dard ya jalan, peshab zyada baar ya fauran aana, ya penis se discharge.
- Pait ke neeche ya ran (groin) mein dard.
- Kuch mardon mein semen mein khoon.
Testicle ka mur jana bhi bilkul aisa lag sakta hai, khaas tor par shuru mein. Agar dard achanak aaya ho aur shadeed ho to foran hospital ke emergency department jayein aur testicular torsion guide dekhein.
Tashkhees kaise hoti hai
Aap ka doctor aam tor par:
- Sawalaat poochega: dard kaise aur kab shuru hua, kya bukhar ya peshab ki alamaat hain, jinsi history, haal ke operation ya catheter, aur peshab ke purane masail. Meherbani karke sach batayein. Yeh nijji hai aur theek ilaaj chunne mein madad deta hai.
- Muaina karega, jis mein scrotum aur ran (groin) shamil hain.
- Peshab ka test karega infection ke liye.
- Jinsi taur par muntaqil hone wale infections ka test karega jahan is ka imkaan ho, aam tor par peshab ke sample ya swab se. Kabhi kabhi blood tests bhi hote hain.
- Scrotum ka ultrasound likhega agar tashkhees wazeh na ho, aap bohat beemar hon, ya testicle ke mur jane ya peep ke jama hone (abscess) ko rule out karna ho.
Ilaaj aksar usi din shuru kar diya jata hai, sab nataij aane se pehle, aur nataij aane par badal diya jata hai.
Ilaaj ke tareeqay
Ilaaj wajah aur is par mabni hota hai ke aap kitne beemar hain. Mukhya hisse yeh hain:
Ghar par apni dekh bhaal
Ilaaj ke saath yeh qadam madad karte hain:
- Scrotum ko sahara dein. Tang, sahara dene wala underwear madad karta hai, aur scrotum ko zara oopar rakh kar letna dard kam kar sakta hai.
- Thande pack ka istemal karein, kapde mein lapet kar, thori thori der ke liye, soojan kam karne ke liye. Meherbani karke barf seedhi jild par na rakhein.
- Bohat paani piyein, khaas tor par garmi mein.
- Meherbani karke scrotum ko na malein, na garam karein, aur tel, balm ya garam sekai na karein. Is se halat kharab ho sakte hain.
- Araam karein aur bhaari kaam ya khel mein tab hi wapas jayein jab aap ko aaram ho aur doctor ittefaq kare.
Dard aur soojan aksar chand dinon mein behtar hone lagte hain, lekin poori tarah theek hone mein kai hafte, aur kabhi kabhi is se zyada, lag sakte hain. Agar aap behtar nahi ho rahe to apne doctor ke paas wapas jayein.
Larke aur nau-jawan
Larkon ko bhi epididymo-orchitis ho sakta hai, aksar peshab ke infection ya peshab ke nizam ke kisi masle ki wajah se, ya mumps jaise virus se. Agar aap ke bete ko achanak, shadeed scrotum ka dard ho to meherbani karke ise testicle ka mur jana samjhein aur usay foran hospital ke emergency department le jayein. Testicular torsion guide dekhein. Epididymo-orchitis wale larke ko aise doctor ko bhi dikhana chahiye jo us ke peshab ke nizam ki jaanch kar sake.
Agar ilaaj na ho
Zyadatar mard jaldi ilaaj hone par poori tarah theek ho jate hain. Agar ise chhod diya jaye ya der se ilaaj ho to yeh masail ho sakte hain:
- Abscess, yaani peep ka jama hona, jise nikalne ki zaroorat par sakti hai.
- testicle ke gird lambe arse ki soojan ya pani (dekhein hydrocele guide).
- testicle mein lambe arse (chronic) ka dard.
- Nadir sooraton mein testicle ko nuqsan ya fertility par asar (dekhein male infertility guide).
Yeh dobara bhi aa sakta hai, is liye meherbani karke apna ilaaj mukammal karein aur follow-up par jayein.
Follow-up
Aap ka doctor aam tor par dekhna chahega ke aap theek ho gaye hain ya nahi. Agar aap behtar nahi ho rahe, soojan rehti hai ya baar baar wapas aati hai, ya testicle mein aap ko sakht ganth mehsoos hoti hai, to jaldi wapas jayein. Agar koi bunyadi wajah ho sakti hai, masalan peshab ke nizam ka masla, to aap ka urologist us ko dhoondne ke liye tests ka intezam kar sakta hai. Meherbani karke apne nataij saath le jayein.
Fauran madad kab lein
Agar aap ko in mein se koi bhi ho to foran apne qareebi hospital ke emergency department jayein:
- Testicle mein achanak shadeed dard, soojan ke saath ya baghair, matli ya ulti ke saath ya baghair. Yeh testicle ka mur jana (torsion) ho sakta hai, jo emergency hai. Testicular torsion guide dekhein.
- Tez bukhar, kapkapi, ya bohat beemar mehsoos karna, dardnak scrotum ke saath.
- Jild par phailti hui surkhi ya soojan, ya jild ka kaala ho jana.
- Aisi soojan jo tezi se barh rahi ho, bohat sakht ho rahi ho, ya jis se peep nikal rahi ho.
- Aap peshab nahi kar paate, ya paani nahi pi sakte ya ulti ho jati hai.
Aam sawalaat
Kya yeh jinsi taur par muntaqil hone wala infection hai?
Kabhi kabhi. Jawan, jinsi taur par sargarm mardon mein aksar hota hai, lekin zyada umar ke mardon aur larkon mein yeh aam tor par peshab ke infection ya kisi aur wajah se hota hai. Aap ka doctor test se pata lagayega. Yeh sharminda hone ki wajah nahi, aur aap ki maloomat nijji rehti hai.
Kya is ka matlab hai ke maine kuch ghalat kiya, ya mere saathi ne bewafai ki?
Nahi. Bohat se maamlaat peshab ke infection se hote hain, khaas tor par zyada umar ke mardon mein. Jab jinsi taur par muntaqil hone wala infection wajah ho tab bhi yeh bohat der tak khamosh reh sakta hai, is liye is se yeh sabit nahi hota ke yeh kab ya kaise laga. Meherbani karke na apne aap ko aur na apne saathi ko qasoorwar thehrayen.
Kya main yeh apni biwi ko laga sakta hoon?
Yeh wajah par mabni hai. Peshab ka infection is tarah muntaqil nahi hota. Jinsi taur par muntaqil hone wala infection ho sakta hai, aur aap ke saathi ko bhi test aur ilaaj ki zaroorat ho sakti hai. Meherbani karke jab tak aap ka ilaaj khatam na ho aur doctor mehfooz na kahe, jinsi taluq se parhez karein. Aap ka doctor aap ko mashwara dega.
Kya main bas dawai ki dukaan se antibiotics le sakta hoon?
Meherbani karke nahi. Theek jaanch ke baghair aap ghalat antibiotic ya bohat chhota course le sakte hain, jis se masla chhup sakta hai aur ilaaj mushkil ho sakta hai. Testicle ka mur jana bilkul aisa lag sakta hai aur usay antibiotics ki nahi, emergency dekh bhaal ki zaroorat hoti hai.
Kya yeh cancer hai?
Nahi, epididymo-orchitis aik infection hai. Lekin jo soojan ilaaj ke baad kam na ho us ki dobara jaanch honi chahiye, kyunke doosre masail bhi aisay lag sakte hain.
Yeh kitne arse mein theek hota hai?
Dard aur soojan aksar ilaaj ke chand dinon mein behtar hone lagte hain, lekin poori tarah theek hone mein kai hafte, aur kabhi kabhi is se zyada, lag sakte hain. Agar aap behtar nahi ho rahe to apne doctor ke paas wapas jayein.
Kya is se meri fertility par asar parega?
Zyadatar mard bina kisi mustaqil asar ke theek ho jate hain. Nadir sooraton mein, khaas tor par jab yeh shadeed ho ya ilaaj na ho, to testicle par asar par sakta hai. Agar aap bachche ki koshish kar rahe hain to apne urologist ko bataein.
Kya yeh dobara aa sakta hai?
Aa sakta hai, khaas tor par jab wajah na mile ya ilaaj mukammal na ho. Poora course khatam karna, aur kisi bunyadi wajah ki jaanch karwana, is ka imkaan kam karta hai.
Kya hakeem ke nuskhay, tel ki maalish ya garam sekai madad karte hain?
In ke madadgar hone ka koi achha saboot nahi, aur soojhe hue scrotum ko malna ya garam karna halaat kharab kar sakta hai. Meherbani karke pehle doctor ko dikhayen, aur jo kuch aap ne istemal kiya hai woh unhein bataein.
What epididymo-orchitis is
Behind each testicle sits a coiled tube called the epididymis, where sperm are stored. Epididymo-orchitis is inflammation, usually from an infection, of the epididymis (epididymitis), the testicle itself (orchitis), or both together. It causes a painful, swollen, tender scrotum on one side, and sometimes a fever.
It is usually treatable, and most men recover fully. But the same pain and swelling can also be caused by a twisted testicle, which is an emergency, so a sudden, severe pain should never be left to see if it settles.
Please do not be embarrassed or afraid of being judged. Doctors see this often, and the sooner it is treated, the better it usually goes.
How common it is
Epididymo-orchitis is common. It can affect men and boys of any age, and the usual cause is different at different ages (see below).
Why it happens
It is usually caused by germs that reach the epididymis from the urinary tract. The likely cause depends on age and circumstances:
- In younger, sexually active men, it is often caused by a sexually transmitted infection. These infections can be silent for a long time, so the timing says nothing certain about when or how it was caught.
- In older men, it is more often caused by the same germs as a urine infection. An enlarged prostate that stops the bladder emptying fully, a urinary catheter, or a recent procedure or operation on the urinary tract can make it more likely (see the urine infection guide and the enlarged prostate guide).
- Mumps and other viruses can sometimes infect the testicle. Vaccination protects against mumps.
- Long-lasting infections, such as tuberculosis, are less common causes. These tend to cause swelling that lingers or keeps returning and need specialist care.
Epididymo-orchitis is not caused by lifting, cycling, hot weather, or anything you ate. Please do not blame yourself, and please do not assume anything about your partner. Your doctor will work out the likely cause.
Common symptoms
The pain and swelling usually build up over hours or a few days, on one side. You may also notice:
- A swollen, tender scrotum, sometimes with redness or warmth of the skin.
- Fever, chills or feeling unwell.
- Pain or burning when passing urine, passing urine more often or urgently, or a discharge from the penis.
- An ache in the lower tummy or groin.
- Blood in the semen, in some men.
A twisted testicle can feel very similar, especially in its early stage. If the pain came on suddenly and is severe, go to a hospital emergency department straight away and see the testicular torsion guide.
How it is diagnosed
Your doctor will usually:
- Ask questions: how and when the pain started, whether you have fever or urinary symptoms, sexual history, recent operations or catheters, and past urinary problems. Please be honest. This is private and helps choose the right treatment.
- Examine you, including the scrotum and the groin.
- Test your urine for infection.
- Test for sexually transmitted infections where it is likely, usually with a urine sample or a swab. Blood tests are also sometimes done.
- Arrange a scrotal ultrasound if the diagnosis is not clear, if you are very unwell, or to rule out a twisted testicle or a collection of pus (an abscess).
Treatment is often started on the same day, before all the results are back, and then adjusted when they arrive.
Treatment options
Treatment depends on the cause and on how unwell you are. The main parts are:
Looking after yourself at home
Alongside treatment, these steps help:
- Support the scrotum. Snug, supportive underwear helps, and lying down with the scrotum slightly raised can ease the pain.
- Use a cold pack wrapped in a cloth for short spells to ease swelling. Please do not put ice directly on the skin.
- Drink plenty of fluids, especially in hot weather.
- Please do not rub, massage or heat the scrotum, and do not apply oils, balms or hot compresses. This can make it worse.
- Take it easy and go back to heavy work or sport only when you are comfortable and your doctor agrees.
Pain and swelling often improve in a few days, but it can take several weeks, and sometimes longer, for them to settle fully. If you are not improving, go back to your doctor.
Boys and teenagers
Boys can get epididymo-orchitis too, often because of a urine infection or a problem in the urinary tract, or from a virus such as mumps. If your son has sudden, severe scrotal pain, please treat it as a possible twisted testicle and take him to a hospital emergency department straight away. See the testicular torsion guide. A boy with epididymo-orchitis should also be seen by a doctor who can check his urinary tract.
If it is not treated
Most men recover completely when it is treated promptly. If it is left or treated late, problems can include:
- An abscess, which is a collection of pus that may need draining.
- Long-lasting swelling or fluid around the testicle (see the hydrocele guide).
- Long-term (chronic) pain in the testicle.
- Rarely, damage to the testicle or to fertility (see the male infertility guide).
It can also come back, so please finish your treatment and go to your follow-up visits.
Follow-up
Your doctor will usually want to check that you have recovered. Go back sooner if you are not improving, or if the swelling stays, keeps coming back, or you notice a hard lump in the testicle. If there is a possible underlying cause, such as a urinary tract problem, your urologist may arrange tests to look for it. Please take your results with you.
When to seek urgent help
Go to your nearest hospital emergency department straight away if you have any of the following:
- Sudden, severe pain in a testicle, with or without swelling, nausea or vomiting. This could be a twisted testicle, which is an emergency. See the testicular torsion guide.
- High fever, shivering, or feeling very unwell with a painful scrotum.
- Redness or swelling spreading across the skin, or skin that turns dark.
- A swelling that is growing fast, becoming very hard, or leaking pus.
- You cannot pass urine, or cannot drink or keep fluids down.
Common questions
Is it a sexually transmitted infection?
Sometimes. In younger sexually active men it often is, but in older men and boys it is usually caused by a urine infection or another cause. Your doctor will test to find out. It is not a reason to feel ashamed, and your information stays private.
Does it mean I did something wrong, or that my partner was unfaithful?
No. Many cases come from urine infections, especially in older men. Even when a sexually transmitted infection is the cause, it can stay silent for a long time, so it does not prove when or how it was caught. Please try not to blame yourself or your partner.
Can I pass it to my wife?
It depends on the cause. A urine infection is not passed on this way. A sexually transmitted infection can be, and your partner may need testing and treatment too. Please avoid sex until you have finished treatment and your doctor says it is safe. Your doctor will advise you.
Can I just take antibiotics from the chemist?
Please do not. Without a proper assessment, you may take the wrong antibiotic or too short a course, which can hide the problem and make it harder to treat. A twisted testicle can look the same and needs emergency care, not antibiotics.
Is it cancer?
No, epididymo-orchitis is an infection. But a swelling that does not go down after treatment should be checked again, because other problems can look similar.
How long will it take to settle?
Pain and swelling often start to improve within a few days of treatment, but it can take several weeks, and sometimes longer, to settle completely. If you are not improving, go back to your doctor.
Will it affect my fertility?
Most men recover with no lasting effect on fertility. Rarely, especially if it is severe or untreated, it can affect the testicle. If you are trying for a baby, tell your urologist.
Will it come back?
It can, particularly if the cause is not found or treatment is not completed. Finishing your full course, and having any underlying cause checked, lowers the chance.
Do hakeem remedies, oil massages or hot compresses help?
There is no good evidence that they do, and rubbing or heating an inflamed scrotum can make it worse. Please see a doctor first, and tell them about anything you have used.