Overactive bladder (OAB)Overactive bladder (OAB) (bladder ka bar bar zor se sikarna)

Overactive bladder kya hai

Overactive bladder (OAB) bohat aam masla hai jis mein bladder achanak, tez hajat deta hai jo rokna mushkil hota hai, aksar din aur raat mein bohat baar peshab aata hai. Kuch logon ka peshab toilet pohanchne se pehle nikal jata hai (urge incontinence), aur kuch ka nahi.

Yeh barhapay ka aam hissa nahi, aur is ko sehna zaroori nahi. Yeh mardon aur auraton dono ko hota hai, aur is ka ilaaj ho sakta hai, aam tor par pehle saade qadmon se. Yeh guide batati hai ke yeh kyun hota hai, kaise jaancha jata hai, aap khud kya kar sakte hain, aur ilaaj ke kya intikhabat hain.

Agar overactive bladder ki wajah se aap apna din toilet ke hisab se banate hain, bahar jane se bachte hain, ya peshab nikalne ki fikr rehti hai, meherbani karke khamosh na rahein. Madad mojood hai, aur bohat se log kaafi behtar ho jate hain.

Yeh kitna aam hai

OAB mardon aur auraton dono mein aam hai aur umar ke saath barhta hai, lekin kisi bhi umar mein shuru ho sakta hai. Bohat se log sharm ki wajah se, ya yeh samajh kar ke yeh normal hai, doctor ko nahi batate. Yeh normal nahi hai.

Yeh kyun hota hai

Bohat se logon mein koi aik wajah nahi milti. Bladder ka muscle bas ghalat waqt par sikarta hai. Jo cheezein is ki wajah ban sakti hain ya isay barha sakti hain:

• Bladder ko tang karne wale mashroobat, jaise chai, coffee, fizzy drinks aur energy drinks. Chai aksar nazar andaz hone wali aam wajah hai.
• Bohat zyada ya ghalat waqt par pani peena, khaas tor par sham ko.
• Mardon mein barha hua prostate, jo bladder ko tang kar sakta hai (dekhein enlarged prostate guide).
• Peshab ka infection, ya bladder ya kidney mein pathri.
• Qabz, jo bladder par dabao dalta hai.
• Diabetes, jis se jism zyada peshab banata hai.
• Nason ke masail, jaise stroke, reerh ki haddi ki chot ke baad, ya kuch nason ki bimariyon mein (dekhein neurogenic bladder guide).
• Bachay ki paidaish ke baad, menopause, ya kuch dawaon se, jaise peshab aawar goliyan.

Peshab mein khoon, dard, ya peshab ki aadaton mein achanak tabdeeli ki mukammal jaanch honi chahiye. Doosri wajohat khaarij hone se pehle overactive bladder farz nahi karna chahiye.

Aam alamaat

Bunyadi alamaat yeh hain:

• Urgency: achanak, tez hajat jis ko taalna mushkil ho.
• Frequency: din mein bohat baar peshab aana.
• Nocturia: raat ko peshab ke liye jaagna, aksar aik se zyada baar.
• Urge incontinence: kuch logon mein toilet pohanchne se pehle peshab nikal jana.

Kamzor dhaar, zor lagana, ya yeh mehsoos hona ke bladder khali nahi hua, kisi aur masle ki taraf ishara karta hai, jaise barha hua prostate ya urethral stricture (dekhein urethral stricture guide). Meherbani karke apni tamam alamaat doctor ko batayein.

Tashkhees kaise hoti hai

Aap ke doctor aam tor par:

• Alamaat ke baare mein poochhenge, aap kitna peete hain, chai, coffee aur fizzy drinks, doosri bimariyan aur dawayein, aur muaina karenge. Mardon mein prostate ka muaina, aur auraton mein zaroorat par pelvic muaina ho sakta hai.
• Bladder diary rakhne ko kahenge, kuch din tak: kab aur kitna peete hain, kab aur kitna peshab karte hain, aur koi leak. Is se aksar wajah samne aa jati hai.
• Peshab ka test karenge: infection, khoon aur cheeni ke liye.
• Aik saada ultrasound karenge ke bladder kitna acha khali hota hai aur pathri ya koi aur masla to nahi.
• Kabhi kabhi mazeed tests karenge, jaise bladder ke andar camera se dekhna ya pressure tests (urodynamics), agar wajah wazeh na ho ya ilaaj kaam na kare.

Meherbani karke in jaanchon se pehle overactive bladder ki dawayein shuru na karein, khaas tor par agar aap ki dhaar kamzor hai.

Aap khud kya kar sakte hain

In qadmon se aksar bara farq parta hai, aur yeh aam tor par pehle aazmaye jate hain:

• Chai, coffee, fizzy drinks aur energy drinks kam karein. Kuch ki jagah pani lein, aur dekhein ke hajat mein farq aata hai ya nahi.
• Kaafi pani peeyein, lekin bohat zyada nahi, aur din bhar mein taqseem karein. Sone se do teen ghante pehle kam peeyein.
• Qabz ka ilaaj karein.
• Agar wazan zyada hai to wazan kam karein, aur cigarette chhor dein.
• Bladder training. Jab hajat ho to ruk jayein, mumkin ho to baith jayein, aahista saans lein aur pelvic floor ke muscles ko bheenchein, aur hajat kam hone tak intezar karein, phir sukoon se toilet jayein. Phir doctor ya physiotherapist ki hidayat ke saath dheere dheere do visits ke darmiyan waqt barhayein.
• Pelvic floor exercises. In muscles ko mazboot karne se rokna aasan hota hai. Physiotherapist aap ko sikha sakta hai.
• Baar baar "bas ehtiyatan" toilet jane se bachein. Is se bladder chhota hona seekhta hai.

Ilaaj ke tareeqay

Agar khud ki dekh bhaal kaafi na ho to bunyadi ilaaj yeh hain:

Meherbani karke chemist ke counter se overactive bladder ki goliyan na kharidein, ya pehli di gayi dawa bagair doosri wajohat ki jaanch ke qabool na karein. Urologist chunne mein madad kar sakta hai, aur agar ased hon to ilaaj badal sakta hai.

Follow-up

OAB ka ilaaj aksar aazmane aur badalne ka amal hota hai. Aap ke doctor aam tor par kuch haftay baad dekhenge ke ilaaj kaam kar raha hai ya nahi aur koi ased to nahi. Agar aik dawa kaam na kare to doosri kar sakti hai. Meherbani karke ilaaj achanak band na karein aur himmat na haarein. Aur agar alamaat badlein, jaise peshab mein khoon aaye, dard ho, ya peshab na ho sake, to wapis aayein.

Aam sawalaat

What overactive bladder is

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a very common problem in which the bladder gives sudden, strong urges to pass urine that are hard to hold, often with passing urine very often during the day and at night. Some people leak urine if they cannot reach the toilet in time (urge incontinence), and some do not.

It is not a normal part of getting older, and it is not something you have to put up with. It affects men and women, and it can be treated, usually with simple steps first. This guide explains what causes it, how it is checked, what you can do yourself, and the treatment options.

If an overactive bladder is making you plan your day around the toilet, avoid going out, or worry about leaking, please do not stay silent. Help is available, and many people improve a lot.

How common it is

OAB is common in both men and women and becomes more common with age, but it can start at any age. Many people never mention it to a doctor because of embarrassment, or because they think it is normal. It is neither.

Why it happens

In many people no single cause is found. The bladder muscle simply squeezes at the wrong time. Things that can cause or worsen it include:

• Drinks that irritate the bladder, such as tea, coffee, fizzy drinks and energy drinks. Tea (chai) is a common, often overlooked, cause.
• Drinking a lot, or at the wrong time, especially in the evening.
• An enlarged prostate in men, which can irritate the bladder (see the enlarged prostate guide).
• A urine infection, or stones in the bladder or kidney.
• Constipation, which presses on the bladder.
• Diabetes, which makes the body pass more urine.
• Nerve problems, such as after a stroke, a spinal injury or with some nerve diseases (see the neurogenic bladder guide).
• After childbirth, the menopause, or some medicines, such as water tablets.

Blood in the urine, pain, or a sudden change in your bladder habits needs a proper check. Overactive bladder should not be assumed until other causes are excluded.

Common symptoms

The main features are:

• Urgency: a sudden, strong need to pass urine that is hard to put off.
• Frequency: passing urine many times in the day.
• Nocturia: waking at night to pass urine, often more than once.
• Urge incontinence: leaking before you reach the toilet, in some people.

A weak stream, straining, or the feeling that the bladder has not emptied suggests a different problem, such as an enlarged prostate or a urethral stricture (see the urethral stricture guide). Please tell your doctor about all your symptoms.

How it is diagnosed

Your doctor will usually:

• Ask about your symptoms, how much you drink, tea, coffee and fizzy drinks, other illnesses and medicines, and examine you. In men, an examination of the prostate may be done; in women, a pelvic check if needed.
• Ask you to keep a bladder diary for a few days: when you drink, how much, when you pass urine and how much, and any leaks. This often shows the cause.
• Test your urine for infection, blood and sugar.
• Do a simple ultrasound to check how well the bladder empties and whether there are stones or other problems.
• Sometimes arrange further tests, such as a camera look inside the bladder or pressure tests (urodynamics), if the cause is unclear or treatment has not worked.

Please do not start medicines for overactive bladder before these checks, especially if your stream is weak.

What you can do yourself

These steps often make a big difference, and they are usually tried first:

• Cut down tea, coffee, fizzy drinks and energy drinks. Try replacing some with water, and see whether the urgency improves.
• Drink enough water, but not too much, and spread it through the day. Drink less in the two or three hours before bed.
• Treat constipation.
• Lose weight if you are overweight, and stop smoking.
• Bladder training. When you feel the urge, stop, sit if you can, take slow breaths and squeeze your pelvic floor muscles, and wait until the urge fades before walking calmly to the toilet. Then slowly lengthen the time between visits, with the guidance of your doctor or a physiotherapist.
• Pelvic floor exercises. Strengthening these muscles helps you hold on. A physiotherapist can show you how.
• Avoid going "just in case" too often. It teaches the bladder to be small.

Treatment options

If self-help is not enough, the main treatments are:

Please do not buy tablets for overactive bladder from the chemist counter, or accept the first one given, without checking for other causes first. A urologist can help you choose, and can adjust treatment if side effects appear.

Follow-up

OAB treatment is often a trial and adjustment process. Your doctor will usually review you after a few weeks to see whether the treatment is working and whether there are side effects. If one medicine does not help, another may. Please do not stop treatment suddenly or give up. And come back if the symptoms change, for example if blood appears in your urine, you get pain, or you cannot pass urine.

Common questions