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Yeh scan kya hai aur kyun kiya jata hai
Haddi hamesha badalti rehti hai, purani haddi tootti hai aur nayi bantī hai. Tracer nas mein dakhil kiya jata hai, aur woh un jagahon par jama hota hai jahan haddi tezi se badal rahi hoti hai. Phir aik khaas camera poore dhancha ya kisi aik hisse ki tasveer banata hai, taake yeh jagahen dikhayi de sakein.
Urology mein bone scan aksar yeh dekhne ke liye kiya jata hai ke prostate cancer haddiyon tak to nahi phaila, khaas tor par jab PSA barha ho ya kuch ilaaj se pehle. Gurdon ya mesane ke cancer ke liye, ya haddi ke dard ki wajah jaanne ke liye bhi kiya ja sakta hai.
Bone scan badli hui jagahen dikhata hai. Yeh wajah nahi batata. Yeh jaanne ke liye ke badlaao cancer hai, chot hai, gathiya hai ya infection, aksar X-ray, CT ya MRI ki zaroorat parti hai.
Scan se pehle
- Team ko batayein agar haal hi mein haddi ka fracture, haddi ka operation ya haddi ka infection hua ho, aur kisi cancer ke ilaaj ke baare mein bhi.
- Team ko batayein agar aap haamla hain ya doodh pila rahi hain. Team waqt aur doodh pilane ke baare mein mashwara degi.
- Din mein pani piyein, jab tak team pani kam karne ko na kahe. Isse tracer jism se nikalta hai.
- Jab kaha jaye to scan se pehle peshab kar lein.
- Apne taur par koi dawa band na karein. Apni aam dawaon ke baare mein koi sawal ho to team se poochhein.
Scan ke dauran
Tracer nas mein lagi cannula ke zariye dakhil kiya jata hai. Phir tracer ko haddiyon mein jama hone ke liye waqt chahiye, is liye scan se pehle aap ko kuch ghante intezar karna hota hai. Aap ko thori der mein pani peene aur peshab karne ko bhi kaha ja sakta hai. Aap ka hospital din ki tarteeb batayega, is liye koi halka khana aur kuch parhne ke liye saath le aayein.
Jab scan ka waqt aaye to aap mez par letten hain aur camera aap ke jism par aahista harkat karta hai. Scan mein dard nahi hota, lekin bilkul sakoon se lete rehna hota hai, aur waqt lag sakta hai. Kabhi kisi hisse ki mazeed tasveerein li jati hain, ya kisi natije ko samajhne ke liye usi hisse ka CT scan shamil kiya jata hai.
Scan ke baad
- Din ke baqi hisse mein zyada pani piyein aur baar baar peshab karein, jaisa team batayegi. Isse tracer nikalta hai.
- Agar team ne kaha ho to chhote bachon aur hamil khawateen se din bhar qareebi rabta kam rakhein.
- Aam tor par aap ghar jakar mamool ke kaam kar sakte hain.
- Nateeja aam tor par chand dinon mein specialist ke paas se aap ke urologist tak pohanchta hai.
Mumkin khatre
Radiation ki miqdar kam hai aur aam tor par mehfooz samjhi jati hai. Cancer ke phailao ya haddi ke dard ki wajah dhoondne ka faida aam tor par chhote khatre se zyada hota hai, is liye test zaroorat par kiya jata hai. Tracer se allergy bohat kam hoti hai.
Nali lagne ki jagah par chota neel ya takleef ho sakti hai. Team ko batayein agar gurdon ya mesane ka masla ho, kyun ke tracer peshab mein nikalta hai.
Aap ke nateeje
Report un jagahon ko batati hai jahan haddi badli hai. Kuch jagahen zyada tracer lete hain, jinhein "chamakdar nishan" (hot spots) kaha jata hai, aur kuch kam, jinhein "thanda nishan" (cold spots) kaha jata hai. Chamakdar nishan aksar zakhm bharne, gathiya ya purani haddi ke fracture ki wajah se hota hai. Hamesha cancer nahi hota. Report ko hamesha aap ki history, muaine aur dusre scans ke saath parha jata hai.
Report apne urologist ko dikhayein, jo samjhayega ke nateeje ka aap ke liye kya matlab hai. Agar koi tabdeeli ko mazeed dekhne ki zaroorat ho to aap ko CT ya MRI jaise dusre scan ki salah di ja sakti hai.
Fauran madad kab lein
Bone scan emergency test nahi hai. Scan ke baad ya ghar par agar yeh hon to fauran madad lein:
- Achanak ya shadeed haddi ka dard, khaas tor par kamar, kolhon ya pasliyon mein, jo naya ho, barhta jaye, ya harkat rok de.
- Tangon mein nayi kamzori ya sunn pan, ya peshab ya pakhane par qaboo kho dena. Yeh rirh ki hadd par dabao ki nishani ho sakti hai aur fauran ilaaj zaroori hai.
- Tracer ke baad dane, chehre ya honton mein sujan, ya saans lene mein dikkat. Fauran qareebi emergency department jayein.
- Bukhar, ya nali lagne ki jagah laal, garam ya dukhti hui.
Agar aap ko cancer hai aur naya haddi ka dard in mein se kisi ke saath ho to apni cancer team ko jald az jald batayein.
Aam sawalaat
Kya bone scan mein dard hota hai?
Injection se halki si chubhan hoti hai, aur scan khud dard rahit hai. Agar kamar ya kolhay mein dard ho to bilkul sakoon se lete rehna mushkil lag sakta hai, is liye team ko batayein, woh aap ko araam se lete rehne mein madad degi.
Kya bone scan cancer dikhata hai?
Yeh haddi mein badlaao dikhata hai. Cancer aik wajah ho sakti hai, lekin aur bhi bohat si wajahen hain, jaise zakhm bharna aur gathiya. Wajah jaanne ke liye dusre tests zaroori hain.
Prostate cancer ke liye bone scan kyun zaroori hai?
Prostate cancer haddi tak phail sakta hai, aur scan is ko dekhne mein madad karta hai, khaas tor par jab PSA barha ho ya kuch ilaaj se pehle. Aap ka urologist faisla karega ke yeh zaroori hai ya nahi.
Kya haamla hone par bone scan ho sakta hai?
Test se pehle team ko zaroor batayein. Haamla mein bone scan aam tor par tala jata hai aur zyada tar zaroori nahi hota. Team mashwara degi.
Kya bone scan X-ray jaisa hai?
Nahi. X-ray haddi ki bunyad dikhata hai. Bone scan dikhata hai ke haddi kitni masroof hai. Yeh aksar aik dusre ko mukammal karte hain.
Kya scan se pehle dard ki dawa band karni hogi?
Apne taur par koi dawa band na karein. Team se poochhein, woh mashwara degi.
Kya bone scan kisi cheez ka ilaaj karta hai?
Nahi. Yeh sirf test hai. Koi bhi ilaaj nateeje ke baad alag se tay kiya jata hai.
What it is and why it is done
Bone is always changing, as old bone is broken down and new bone is laid down. A tracer is injected into a vein, and it collects in places where the bone is changing quickly. A special camera then takes pictures of the whole skeleton, or of one part, to show these places.
In urology, a bone scan is most often used to check whether prostate cancer has spread to the bones, especially when the PSA is high or before some treatments. It may also be used for kidney or bladder cancer, or to find the cause of bone pain.
A bone scan shows areas that have changed. It does not say what the cause is. X-rays, CT or MRI scans are often needed to find out whether a change is cancer, an injury, arthritis or an infection.
Before the scan
- Tell the team about any recent fracture, bone surgery or bone infection, and about any cancer treatment you have had.
- Tell the team if you may be pregnant or are breastfeeding. Your team will advise you on timing and on feeding afterwards.
- Drink water on the day, unless your team asks you to limit fluids. This helps the tracer leave the body.
- Empty your bladder just before the scan, when you are asked to.
- Do not stop any medicine on your own. Ask your team if you have questions about your usual medicines.
During the scan
A small amount of tracer is injected through a cannula in a vein. The tracer then needs time to collect in the bones, so you wait for some hours before the scan. You may be asked to drink water and to empty your bladder during this time. Your hospital will tell you how to plan the day, so bring a snack and something to read.
When it is time for the scan, you lie on a table while a camera moves slowly over your body. The scan is painless, but you must keep still, and it can take a while. Sometimes extra pictures are taken of one area, or a CT scan of the same area is added to explain a finding.
After the scan
- Drink plenty of fluids and pass urine often for the rest of the day, as your team advises. This helps clear the tracer.
- If your team has advised it, keep close contact with small children and pregnant women to a minimum for the rest of the day.
- You can usually go home and carry on as normal.
- Results are read by a specialist and sent to your urologist, usually within a few days.
Possible risks
The amount of radiation is low and is generally considered safe. The benefit of finding spread, or the cause of bone pain, usually outweighs the small risk, which is why the test is used when it is needed. Allergic reactions to the tracer are rare.
The cannula can cause a small bruise or discomfort at the injection site. Tell the team if you have kidney or bladder problems, because the tracer leaves the body in the urine.
Your results
The report describes areas where the bone has changed. Some areas take up more tracer, which are called "hot spots", and some take up less, which are called "cold spots". A hot spot is often due to healing after an injury, arthritis or an old fracture. It is not always cancer. The report is always read together with your history, your examination and any other scans.
Please take the report to your urologist, who will explain what the findings mean for you. If the scan shows a change that needs checking, you may be advised to have a further scan, such as a CT or MRI, to look at it more closely.
When to seek urgent help
A bone scan is not an emergency test. Please seek urgent help if any of these happen after the scan, or at home:
- Sudden or severe bone pain, especially in the back, hips or ribs, that is new, getting worse or stops you moving.
- New weakness or numbness in the legs, or loss of control of the bladder or bowel. This needs urgent care, because it can mean pressure on the spinal cord.
- A rash, swelling of the face or lips, or difficulty breathing after the tracer. Go to the nearest emergency department at once.
- Fever, or a red, hot or painful injection site.
If you have cancer and new bone pain with any of these, tell your cancer team as soon as possible.
Common questions
Is a bone scan painful?
The injection causes a small prick, and the scan itself is painless. Lying still can be uncomfortable if you have back or hip pain, so tell the team, who can help you lie comfortably.
Does a bone scan show cancer?
It shows areas of change in the bone. Cancer is one possible cause, but there are many others, including healing fractures and arthritis. Other tests are needed to find the cause.
Why do I need a bone scan for prostate cancer?
Prostate cancer can spread to the bone, and the scan helps check for this, especially when the PSA is high or before some treatments. Your urologist will decide whether you need one.
Can I have a bone scan if I am pregnant?
Please tell the team before the test. A bone scan is usually avoided in pregnancy and is not needed in most cases. Your team will advise you.
Is a bone scan the same as an X-ray?
No. An X-ray shows the structure of the bone. A bone scan shows how active the bone is. They often complement each other.
Do I need to stop my painkillers before the scan?
Please do not stop any medicine on your own. Ask your team, who will advise you.
Does a bone scan treat anything?
No. It is a test only. Any treatment is planned separately, after the results are known.