Kidney cancerKidney cancer (gurde ka cancer)

Kidney cancer kya hai

Kidneys do bean ki shakal ke ozu hain, peeth ke dono taraf aik aik, jo khoon saaf karte hain aur peshab banate hain. Kidney cancer tab hota hai jab kidney ke khaliye be-qaboo barhne lagte hain aur tumour bana lete hain. Sab se aam qism un khaliyon se shuru hoti hai jo kidney ka tissue banate hain, aur isay renal cell cancer kehte hain.

Kidney cancer aksar shuru mein ittefaq se, kisi aur wajah se scan karwane par, pakra jata hai. Jaldi pakra jaye to aksar us ka kamyabi se ilaaj ho sakta hai. Yeh guide batati hai ke yeh kaise pakra jata hai, doctors is ke marhale kaise bayan karte hain, ilaaj ke tareeqay kya hain, aur apni dekh bhaal kaise karein.

Kidney ki har ganth cancer nahi hoti. Pani se bhare cyst bohat aam hain aur aam tor par nuqsan nahi pohanchate, aur kuch thos ganthein bhi cancer nahi hoti. Scan, aur kabhi kabhi mazeed tests, batate hain ke kaunsi kya hai.

Yeh kitna aam hai

Kidney cancer peshab ke nizam ke zyada aam cancers mein se aik hai. Yeh zyadatar baalig afraad mein hota hai, aur umar barhne ke saath zyada hota hai. Yeh prostate ya bladder cancer se kaafi kam aam hai, lekin scans zyada istemal hone ki wajah se ab yeh jaldi pakra jane laga hai.

Yeh kyun hota hai

Zyadatar logon mein koi aik wajah nahi milti. Kuch cheezein imkaan barha deti hain:

• Cigarette ya kisi bhi qism ka tambaku.
• Wazan zyada hona.
• Lambe arse se high blood pressure.
• Lambe arse ka kidney failure, khaas tor par dialysis wale logon mein.
• Kuch nadir khandani (inherited) halat, jin mein kidney cancer kam umar mein ya khandan ke kai afraad mein hota hai.
• Kaam ki jagah par kuch kimiyai moaad ke saath lambe arse tak rabta.

Kidney cancer ke bohat se mareezon mein inmein se kuch bhi nahi hota, aur in wajohat wale bohat se logon ko yeh kabhi nahi hota. Meherbani karke apne aap ko qasoorwar na thehrayen. Tambaku mukammal chhorna, aur apne wazan aur blood pressure ka khayal rakhna aap ki kidneys aur poori sehat ke liye achha hai.

Aam alamaat

Shuru ka kidney cancer aksar koi alamat nahi deta, aur kisi aur wajah se kiye gaye scan mein pakra jata hai. Jab alamaat aati hain to in mein yeh ho sakti hain:

• Peshab mein khoon, jo nazar aa sakta hai ya sirf peshab ke test mein pakra jata hai. Yeh aa kar chala bhi sakta hai.
• Pehlu ya pait mein ganth ya bhari pan.
• Pehlu ya peeth mein halka dard jo khatam na ho.
• Be-wajah wazan ka kam hona, bhook ka kam hona, ya bohat thakan.
• Bukhar ya raat ko pasina jis ki koi aur wajah na ho.
• Kuch logon mein taangon ya takhnon mein soojan.

Peshab mein khoon, aik baar bhi aur dard ke baghair bhi, hamesha check hona chahiye. Kidney ki pathri aur infection bhi aisi hi alamaat dete hain, is liye wajah maloom ki jani chahiye, andaza nahi lagana chahiye.

Tashkhees kaise hoti hai

Aap ka doctor aam tor par:

• Aap ki alamaat aur sehat ke baare mein poochega, aur muaina karega, jis mein aap ka blood pressure bhi shamil hai.
• Khoon aur peshab ke tests karega, jin mein yeh jaanch bhi hai ke aap ki kidneys kitni achhi tarah kaam kar rahi hain.
• Ultrasound likhega. Yeh be-dard hai aur aksar ganth dikha deta hai, aur yeh bhi ke woh cyst hai ya thos ganth.
• CT scan likhega, aam tor par rag ke zariye dye (contrast) ke saath. Yeh sab se ahem test hai aur tumour ka size aur jagah dikhata hai, aur yeh bhi ke kya woh phail chuka hai. Kabhi MRI is ki jagah istemal hota hai, masalan jab aap CT ka dye nahi le sakte.
• Kabhi chhota sa sample (biopsy) leta hai sooi ke zariye, scan ki rehnumai mein, zyadatar chhote tumours ke liye ya jab operation ka irada na ho. Aksar faisle ke liye scan hi kaafi hota hai.

Meherbani karke apne pichle tamam scans aur reports appointment par saath layein. Un ka muqabla dikha sakta hai ke ganth mein kitni tezi se tabdeeli aayi.

Marhale aasaan alfaaz mein

Doctors kidney cancer ko is hisaab se group karte hain ke woh kitna phail chuka hai. Is se ilaaj tay hota hai:

• Localised: tumour kidney ke andar hai.
• Locally advanced: tumour kidney se bahar, aas paas ke tissue mein ya bari rag (vein) mein barh gaya hai.
• Phail gaya (metastatic): cancer ke khaliye jism ke doosre hissoon, jaise phephre, haddiyan ya doosre ozu, tak pohanch gaye hain.

Aap ka urologist aap ko tumour ka size aur doosri tafseelat bhi batayega, kyunke ilaaj in par mabni hota hai. Shuru ke marhale aksar qabil-e-ilaaj hote hain. Jab kidney cancer phail chuka ho to ilaaj ka maqsad us ko jitna mumkin ho qaboo mein rakhna aur aap ko theek aur aaram mein rakhna hota hai. Aap ke doctors aap ke apne maamle mein haqeeqat pasandi se batayenge ke kya mumkin hai.

Ilaaj ke tareeqay

Ilaaj tumour ke marhale aur size, aap ki umar, aam sehat aur aap ki marzi par mabni hota hai. Mukhya tareeqay yeh hain:

Aksar maamlaat mein aap ki dekh bhaal aap ke urologist aur cancer specialist (oncologist) ke darmiyan mushtarak hoti hai. Meherbani karke ahem appointments par ghar ka koi fard saath layein, aur doosri raaye lene mein hichkichayen nahi.

Aik kidney ke saath zindagi

Agar kidney, ya us ka hissa, nikal diya jaye to baqi kidney aam tor par achhi tarah kaam sambhal leti hai. Apni kidney ki sehat ka khayal rakhne ke liye:

• Kaafi paani piyein, khaas tor par garmi mein, siwaye is ke ke doctor ne paani kam karne ko kaha ho.
• Apna blood pressure achhi tarah qaboo mein rakhein aur baqaidgi se check karwayein.
• Baghair nuskhay ke khareedi gayi dard ki dawaiyon se parhez karein, kyunke kuch kidney ko nuqsan pohancha sakti hain. Doctor se poochein ke aap ke liye kaunsi mehfooz hain.
• Har qism ka tambaku chhor dein.
• Jo bhi doctor aap ka ilaaj kare usay batayein ke aap ki aik kidney hai, ya kidney kam hai, is se pehle ke aap ko nayi dawaiyan, dye wale scans ya operation diye jayein.
• Apni kidney ki karkardagi ki jaanch karwayein jaisa aap ka doctor mashwara de.

Follow-up

Ilaaj ke baad aap ko kai saal tak khoon ke tests aur scans ke saath baqaida check-ups ki zaroorat hogi. Maqsad cancer ke wapas aane ko jaldi pakarna aur aap ki kidney ki sehat dekhna hai. Kitni dafa, yeh marhale aur ilaaj par mabni hai, aur aap ke doctors batayenge. Meherbani karke theek mehsoos karne par bhi in visits ko na chhodein. Har baar apni scan reports aur nataij saath layein.

Aam sawalaat

What kidney cancer is

The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, one on each side of the back, that clean the blood and make urine. Kidney cancer is when cells in a kidney grow out of control and form a tumour. The most common type starts in the cells that make up the kidney tissue itself and is called renal cell cancer.

Kidney cancer is often found early, by chance, when a scan is done for another reason. When it is found early, it can often be treated successfully. This guide explains how it is found, how doctors describe its stages, the treatment options, and how to look after yourself.

Not every lump in the kidney is cancer. Fluid-filled cysts are very common and are usually harmless, and some solid lumps are not cancer. A scan, and sometimes more tests, show which is which.

How common it is

Kidney cancer is one of the more common cancers of the urinary system. It is seen mostly in adults, and more often as people get older. It is much less common than prostate or bladder cancer, but it is increasingly found early because scans are used more often.

Why it happens

In most people no single cause is found. Some things raise the chance:

• Smoking or any tobacco use.
• Being overweight.
• High blood pressure that has gone on for a long time.
• Long-term kidney failure, especially in people on dialysis.
• Some rare inherited conditions, which tend to cause kidney cancer at a younger age or in several family members.
• Long exposure to certain chemicals at work.

Many people with kidney cancer have none of these, and many people with these never get it. Please do not blame yourself. Stopping all tobacco and looking after your weight and blood pressure are good for your kidneys and your overall health.

Common symptoms

Early kidney cancer often causes no symptoms at all, and is found on a scan done for something else. When symptoms do appear, they can include:

• Blood in the urine, which may be seen or only found on a urine test. It may come and go.
• A lump or fullness in the side or tummy.
• A dull pain in the side or back that does not go away.
• Unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, or feeling very tired.
• Fever or night sweats with no other cause.
• Swelling in the legs or ankles, in some people.

Blood in the urine, even once and even if there is no pain, should always be checked. Kidney stones and infections cause similar symptoms, so the cause needs to be found, not guessed.

How it is diagnosed

Your doctor will usually:

• Ask about your symptoms and health, and examine you, including your blood pressure.
• Do blood and urine tests, including a check of how well your kidneys are working.
• Arrange an ultrasound. It is painless and often shows a lump, and whether it is a cyst or a solid mass.
• Arrange a CT scan, usually with a dye (contrast) given through a vein. This is the main test and shows the size and position of the tumour, and whether it has spread. MRI is sometimes used instead, for example if you cannot have the CT dye.
• Sometimes take a small sample (biopsy) with a needle, guided by a scan, mainly for small tumours or when surgery is not planned. Often a scan is enough to decide.

Please bring all your previous scans and reports to your appointments. Comparing them can show how fast a lump has changed.

The stages in plain words

Doctors group kidney cancer by how far it has grown. This guides the treatment:

• Localised: the tumour is inside the kidney.
• Locally advanced: the tumour has grown beyond the kidney, into the tissue around it or into the main vein.
• Spread (metastatic): cancer cells have travelled to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, bones or other organs.

Your urologist will also tell you the size of the tumour and other details, because treatment depends on them. Early stages are often curable. When kidney cancer has spread, treatment aims to control it for as long as possible and to keep you well and comfortable. Your doctors will be honest about what is realistic in your own case.

Treatment options

Treatment depends on the stage and size of the tumour, your age, your general health, and your wishes. The main options are:

In most cases your care is shared between your urologist and a cancer specialist (oncologist). Please bring a family member to important appointments, and do not hesitate to ask for a second opinion.

Living with one kidney

If a kidney is removed, or part of it, the remaining kidney usually takes over well. To look after your kidney health:

• Drink enough water, especially in hot weather, unless a doctor has told you to limit fluids.
• Keep your blood pressure well controlled and have it checked regularly.
• Avoid painkillers you buy without a prescription, because some can harm the kidney. Ask your doctor which are safe for you.
• Stop all tobacco.
• Tell any doctor treating you that you have one kidney, or a reduced kidney, before you are given new medicines, scans with dye, or operations.
• Have your kidney function checked as your doctor advises.

Follow-up

After treatment you will need regular check-ups with blood tests and scans, for a number of years. This is to catch any return of the cancer early and to check your kidney health. How often depends on the stage and on what treatment you had, and your doctors will tell you. Please do not skip these visits even if you feel well. Bring your scan reports and results every time.

Common questions