On this pageIs safhay par
Testicular cancer kya hai
Testicles scrotum ke andar do ozu hain jo sperm aur mardana hormone testosterone banate hain. Testicular cancer tab hota hai jab testicle ke khaliye be-qaboo barhne lagte hain aur tumour, aam tor par sakht ganth, bana lete hain. Yeh lagbhag hamesha sirf aik testicle ko mutasir karta hai.
Yeh aisa cancer hai jis ka nataij achha hai. Yeh bohat aksar qabil-e-ilaaj hota hai, un bohat se mardon mein bhi jin ka cancer phail chuka ho, kyunke yeh ilaaj par achha jawab deta hai. Asal baat yeh hai ke intezar aur umeed karne ke bajaye jaldi doctor ko dikhaya jaye. Yeh guide batati hai ke yeh kaise zahir hota hai, kaise check hota hai, marhale aasaan alfaaz mein, ilaaj ke tareeqay, fertility par kya asar ho sakta hai, aur apni dekh bhaal kaise karein.
Scrotum ki zyadatar ganthein aur soojan cancer nahi hoti. Pani, infection, aur soojhi hui rageen kaafi zyada aam hain. Lekin khud testicle mein ganth hamesha jaldi check honi chahiye, aur sirf doctor aur scan bata sakte hain ke woh kya hai.
Yeh kitna aam hai
Testicular cancer kul mila kar aam nahi, lekin jawan aur darmiyani umar ke mardon mein, aam tor par aathara-unnees saal se chaalees ke darmiyan, zyada aam cancers mein se aik hai. Yeh zyada umar ke mardon aur nadir sooraton mein larkon ko bhi ho sakta hai. Kyunke yeh kam aam hai, is liye kabhi kabhi ise infection ya chot samajh liya jata hai, aur is se der ho sakti hai.
Yeh kyun hota hai
Zyadatar mardon mein koi wazeh wajah nahi milti. Kuch cheezein imkaan barha deti hain:
- Aisa testicle jo bachpan mein scrotum mein nahi utra (undescended testicle, dekhein undescended testis guide), chahe usay operation se neeche laya gaya ho. Barha hua khatra doosre testicle par bhi lagu ho sakta hai.
- Walid ya bhai ko testicular cancer hona.
- Pehle aik testicle mein testicular cancer ho chuka ho.
Testicular cancer chot, cycle chalane, garam paani se nahane, jinsi taluq, mushti-zani, ya aap ke kiye hue kisi kaam se nahi hota. Meherbani karke apne aap ko qasoorwar na thehrayen, aur sharminda hone ko apni jaanch mein rukawat na banne dein.
Aam alamaat
Sab se aam nishani testicle mein ganth ya soojan hai, aksar be-dard. Aap yeh mehsoos kar sakte hain:
- Testicle mein ganth, matar ke daane jitni ya zyada, ya aisa testicle jo bara ya sakht ho gaya ho.
- Testicle ke mehsoos hone mein tabdeeli, jaise sakht hissa ya na-hamwar sath.
- Scrotum ya neeche ke pait mein bhaari pan ya halka dard.
- Kabhi kabhi achanak dard. Tumour kabhi kabhi testicle ke andar dard ya khoon ka bahao kar sakta hai.
- Nadir tor par chhati ke tissue mein dard ya sujan, kyunke kuch tumours hormone khaarij karte hain.
- Agar yeh phail chuka ho to kuch mardon mein peeth ka dard, khansi, saans phoolna ya taang mein soojan hoti hai.
Be-dard ka matlab nuqsan-rahit nahi hota. Meherbani karke doctor ko dikhane ke liye dard ka intezar na karein. Yeh dekhne ke liye ruke na rahein ke ganth khud chali jaye, aur yeh na samjhein ke yeh infection ya khinchao hai.
Khud jaanch karna
Mahine mein aik baar apne testicles ki jaanch aik achhi aadat hai, khaas tor par jawan mardon ke liye. Sab se aasaan waqt garam paani se nahane ke baad hai, jab scrotum dheela hota hai.
- Scrotum ko hatheli mein lein. Aik waqt mein aik testicle ko angootha aur ungliyon ke darmiyan halke se ghumayein.
- Aam testicle chikna, sakht aur halka anday ki shakal ka mehsoos hota hai. Peeche ki naram, lipti hui nali epididymis hai, aur woh aam hai.
- Nayi ganth, sakht hissa, ya size ya mehsoos hone mein tabdeeli dekhein. Yeh aam hai ke aik testicle zara bara ho ya doosre se neeche latka ho.
Agar aap ko kuch bhi naya mile to jaldi doctor ko dikhayein. Doctor nuqsan-rahit ganth check karna cancer miss karne se kahin zyada pasand karega.
Tashkhees kaise hoti hai
Aap ka doctor aam tor par:
- Aap ki alamaat aur sehat ke baare mein poochega, jis mein yeh bhi ke kya bachpan mein koi testicle neeche nahi utra tha, aur muaina karega.
- Scrotum ka ultrasound likhega. Yeh be-dard, tez, aur yeh dikhane mein bohat achha hai ke ganth testicle ke andar hai ya nahi, aur woh kaisi dikhti hai. Meherbani karke report saath layein.
- Khoon ke tests karega un cheezon ke liye jo kuch testicular tumours khaarij karte hain, jinhein tumour markers kehte hain. Yeh tashkhees mein madad dete hain aur ilaaj ke baad dobara check hote hain.
- Pait aur chhati ka CT scan likhega agar cancer ka imkaan ho, yeh dekhne ke liye ke kya woh phail chuka hai.
- Sperm mehfooz karne ki baat karega ilaaj shuru hone se pehle (neeche dekhein).
Scrotum ke zariye sooi se biopsy aam tor par nahi ki jati. Agar tumour ka shak ho to poora testicle ran (groin) ke cut se nikal kar microscope mein dekha jata hai. Is se durust tashkhees milti hai aur yeh pehla ilaaj bhi hai. Meherbani karke urologist se baat kiye baghair scrotum ki jild ke zariye sooi ke sample ya operation par raazi na hon.
Marhale aasaan alfaaz mein
Doctors testicular cancer ko do tareeqon se group karte hain. Pehla, nikalne ke baad microscope mein nazar aane wale cancer khaliye ki qism. Do bunyadi qismein seminoma aur non-seminoma kehlati hain, aur ilaaj mein thora farq hota hai. Doosra, yeh ke woh kitna phail chuka hai, teen bunyadi groupon mein:
- Localised: cancer sirf testicle mein hai.
- Locally advanced: yeh pait ke peeche ki lymph glands tak phail gaya hai, jo us ke phailne ki sab se qareebi aam jagah hai.
- Phail gaya (metastatic): yeh aage tak phail gaya hai, masalan phephron ya doosre ozu tak, ya khoon ke markers bulund rehte hain.
Aap ka urologist ya cancer specialist aap ko qism aur phailao batayega, kyunke ilaaj in par mabni hota hai. Phail jane par bhi testicular cancer aksar ilaaj par achha jawab deta hai, aur aap ke doctors aap ke apne maamle mein imaandari se batayenge ke kya haqeeqat pasandana hai.
Ilaaj ke tareeqay
Ilaaj qism, phailao, aap ki aam sehat aur aap ki marzi par mabni hota hai. Mukhya tareeqay yeh hain:
Aksar maamlaat mein aap ki dekh bhaal aap ke urologist aur cancer specialist (oncologist) ke darmiyan mushtarak hoti hai. Meherbani karke ahem appointments par ghar ka koi fard saath layein, aur doosri raaye lene mein hichkichayen nahi. Agar qareebi hospital poora ilaaj nahi de sakta to jaldi poochein ke aap ko kahan mil sakta hai, kyunke der faasle se zyada nuqsan deti hai.
Fertility aur ilaaj ke baad jism
Testicular cancer ke bohat se mard jawan hote hain aur unhon ne apna khandan shuru ya mukammal nahi kiya hota, is liye meherbani karke yeh baat apne doctor se jaldi karein. Yeh aam aur aham sawal hai.
- Sperm mehfooz karna (banking). Cancer khud, aur kuch ilaaj, sperm ki quality kam kar sakte hain, kabhi lambe arse tak ya hamesha ke liye. Agar aap bachon ki khwahish rakhte hon to ilaaj shuru hone se pehle, mumkin ho to operation se pehle bhi, sperm mehfooz karne ke baare mein poochein. Yeh jaldi hota hai aur ilaaj mein der nahi karta. Aap ka doctor bata sakta hai ke yeh kahan ho sakta hai aur is ki kitni qeemat hai.
- Aam tor par aik testicle kaafi hota hai. Baqi testicle aksar kaafi sperm aur testosterone banata rehta hai. Kuch mardon ko baad mein hormone ki jaanch ki zaroorat hoti hai, aur kuch ko kam testosterone ke ilaaj ki.
- Jinsi zindagi. Testicle nikalne se erection aur khwahish band nahi hoti. Agar aap ki jinsi zindagi mutasir ho to meherbani karke doctor se baat karein, kyunke madad dastiyab hai (dekhein erectile dysfunction ki guide).
- Chemotherapy ke dauran contraception. Meherbani karke apne doctor se poochein. Sperm kuch arse tak mutasir ho sakte hain.
Agar baad mein hamal mushkil ho to male infertility ki guide dekhein. Koi bhi kisi khaas nateeje ka waada nahi kar sakta, lekin jaldi poochne se aap ke paas zyada intikhab rehte hain.
Follow-up
Ilaaj ke baad aap ko kai saal tak baqaida check-ups ki zaroorat hogi, muaina, khoon ke tests aur kabhi kabhi scans ke saath. Maqsad cancer ke wapas aane ko jaldi pakarna hai, jab woh aam tor par abhi bhi bohat qabil-e-ilaaj hota hai. Kitni dafa, yeh qism aur phailao par mabni hai, aur aap ke doctors batayenge. Meherbani karke theek mehsoos karne par bhi in visits ko na chhodein, aur har baar apni reports saath layein. Baqi testicle ki jaanch khud har mahine karte rahein, kyunke jis mard ko aik testicular cancer ho chuka ho us ke doosre mein naya hone ka imkaan zyada hota hai.
Fauran madad kab lein
Agar aap ko in mein se koi bhi ho to foran apne qareebi hospital ke emergency department jayein:
- Testicle mein achanak shadeed dard, soojan, matli ya ulti ke saath ya baghair. Yeh testicle ka mur jana ho sakta hai, jo emergency hai. Testicular torsion guide dekhein.
- Chemotherapy ke dauran ya baad bukhar ya kapkapi, ya bohat beemar mehsoos karna. Aap ki cancer team ne aap ko rabta number diya hoga. Foran istemal karein.
- Khoon ki khansi, seene mein dard ya achanak saans phoolna.
- Soojhi hui, dardnak ya surkh taang, ya achanak shadeed peeth ya pait ka dard.
- Operation ke baad: zakhm se khoon aana, surkh hona, behna ya khulna, ya bukhar.
Meherbani karke intezar kiye baghair chand dinon mein doctor ko bhi dikhayein agar aap ko testicle mein nayi ganth ya tabdeeli nazar aaye, chahe dard na ho. Is ke liye emergency ki zaroorat nahi, lekin jaldi check hona chahiye.
Aam sawalaat
Kya testicle mein ganth hamesha cancer hoti hai?
Nahi. Scrotum ki zyadatar soojan pani, infection, soojhi hui rageen ya testicle ke peeche ki nali ke cyst hote hain. Lekin khud testicle mein ganth ki ultrasound aur muaine se jaldi jaanch honi chahiye, is liye meherbani karke intezar na karein.
Kya testicular cancer qabil-e-ilaaj hai?
Bohat aksar haan, un bohat se mardon mein bhi jin ka cancer phail chuka ho, kyunke yeh ilaaj par achha jawab deta hai. Koi bhi shifa ka waada nahi kar sakta, aur aap ke doctors aap ko imaandari se batayenge ke aap ke maamle mein kya umeed rakhni chahiye. Jaldi dikhane se sab se achha mauqa milta hai.
Kya main mardangi kho doon ga ya jinsi taluq qaim nahi kar paunga?
Nahi. Aik testicle ka na hona erection, khwahish ya jinsi taluq ko nahi rokta. Doosra testicle aam tor par testosterone banata rehta hai. Agar aap fikarmand hon to meherbani karke doctor se baat karein. Agar aap chahein to masnooi testicle lagaya ja sakta hai.
Kya main phir bhi baap ban sakta hoon?
Bohat se mard ban sakte hain, kyunke aik sehatmand testicle aksar kaafi hota hai. Lekin cancer aur kuch ilaaj sperm ki quality kam kar sakte hain. Agar aap bachay chahte hain to meherbani karke ilaaj shuru hone se pehle sperm mehfooz karne ke baare mein poochein.
Kya chot ya dhakka testicular cancer ka sabab banta hai?
Nahi. Chot se aap ko woh ganth nazar aa sakti hai jo pehle se maujood thi, lekin woh cancer ka sabab nahi banti.
Kya poora testicle nikalna zaroori hai? Kya sirf ganth nahi nikali ja sakti?
Jab cancer ka shak ho to poora testicle ran (groin) ke zariye nikalna sab se mehfooz pehla qadam hai aur durust tashkhees bhi deta hai. Scrotum ke zariye testicle mein cut lagane se cancer ke khaliye phailne ka khatra hota hai. Meherbani karke kisi doosre operation par raazi hone se pehle urologist se baat karein.
Kya mujhe chemotherapy ki zaroorat hogi?
Kuch mardon ko hoti hai aur kuch ko nahi, qism aur phailao par mabni hai. Aap ka cancer doctor samjhayega ke aap ke liye mashwara diya jata hai ya nahi.
Kya hakeem ke nuskhay, jari booti ke ilaaj ya maalish testicle ki ganth theek kar dete hain?
In ke cancer theek karne ka koi achha saboot nahi, aur der sab se bara khatra hai. Meherbani karke kisi nuskhay ke liye theek jaanch aur ilaaj mein der na karein, aur jo kuch bhi aap lete hain woh doctor ko batayein.
What testicular cancer is
The testicles are the two organs inside the scrotum that make sperm and the male hormone testosterone. Testicular cancer is when cells in a testicle grow out of control and form a tumour, usually a firm lump. It nearly always affects only one testicle.
It is a cancer with a good outlook. It is very often curable, even in many men whose cancer has spread, because it responds well to treatment. The key is to be seen early rather than to wait and hope. This guide explains how it shows up, how it is checked, the stages in plain words, the treatment options, what it can mean for fertility, and how to look after yourself.
Most lumps and swellings in the scrotum are not cancer. Fluid, infection, and swollen veins are much more common. But a lump in the testicle itself should always be checked quickly, and only a doctor and a scan can tell which it is.
How common it is
Testicular cancer is uncommon overall, but it is one of the more common cancers in young and middle-aged men, usually between the late teens and the forties. It can also occur in older men and, rarely, in boys. Because it is uncommon, it is sometimes mistaken for an infection or an injury, and this can cause delay.
Why it happens
In most men no clear cause is found. Some things raise the chance:
- A testicle that did not come down into the scrotum in childhood (an undescended testicle, see the undescended testis guide), even if it was brought down by an operation. The raised risk can apply to the other testicle too.
- A father or brother who has had testicular cancer.
- Having had testicular cancer in one testicle before.
Testicular cancer is not caused by an injury, cycling, a hot bath, sex, masturbation or anything you did. Please do not blame yourself, and please do not let embarrassment stop you from being checked.
Common symptoms
The most common sign is a lump or swelling in a testicle, often painless. You may notice:
- A lump in a testicle, about the size of a pea or larger, or a testicle that has become larger or firmer.
- A change in how the testicle feels, such as a hard area or an uneven surface.
- A feeling of heaviness or a dull ache in the scrotum or lower tummy.
- Occasionally, sudden pain. A tumour can sometimes cause pain or bleeding inside the testicle.
- Rarely, tender or enlarged breast tissue, because some tumours release hormones.
- If it has spread, some men have back pain, cough, breathlessness or swelling of a leg.
Painless is not the same as harmless. Please do not wait for pain before you see a doctor. Do not wait to see if the lump goes away, and do not assume it is an infection or a strain.
Checking yourself
Checking your testicles once a month is a good habit, especially for young men. The easiest time is after a warm bath or shower, when the scrotum is relaxed.
- Hold the scrotum in your palm. Gently roll one testicle at a time between your thumb and fingers.
- A normal testicle feels smooth, firm and slightly egg-shaped. The soft, coiled tube at the back is the epididymis, and it is normal.
- Look for a new lump, a hard area, or a change in size or feel. It is normal for one testicle to be slightly bigger or to hang lower than the other.
If you find anything new, see a doctor soon. A doctor would much rather check a harmless lump than miss a cancer.
How it is diagnosed
Your doctor will usually:
- Ask about your symptoms and health, including whether a testicle did not come down as a child, and examine you.
- Arrange a scrotal ultrasound. It is painless, quick and very good at showing whether a lump is inside the testicle, and what it looks like. Please bring the report with you.
- Take blood tests for substances released by some testicular tumours, called tumour markers. These help with diagnosis and are checked again after treatment.
- Arrange a CT scan of the tummy and chest if cancer is likely, to see whether it has spread.
- Discuss sperm storage before treatment starts (see below).
A needle biopsy through the scrotum is not normally done. If a tumour is suspected, the whole testicle is removed through a cut in the groin and examined under the microscope. This gives the exact diagnosis and is also the first treatment. Please do not agree to a needle sample or an operation through the scrotal skin without talking to a urologist first.
The stages in plain words
Doctors group testicular cancer in two ways. First, the type of cancer cell seen under the microscope after removal. The two main types are called seminoma and non-seminoma, and treatment differs a little between them. Second, how far it has spread, in three broad groups:
- Localised: the cancer is only in the testicle.
- Locally advanced: it has spread to the lymph glands at the back of the tummy, the nearest place it usually travels to.
- Spread (metastatic): it has travelled further, for example to the lungs or other organs, or the blood markers stay high.
Your urologist or cancer specialist will tell you your type and how far it has spread, because treatment depends on them. Even when it has spread, testicular cancer often responds well to treatment, and your doctors will be honest about what is realistic in your own case.
Treatment options
Treatment depends on the type, how far it has spread, your general health, and your wishes. The main options are:
In most cases your care is shared between your urologist and a cancer specialist (oncologist). Please bring a family member to important appointments, and do not hesitate to ask for a second opinion. If the nearest hospital cannot offer the full treatment, ask early about where you can get it, because delay matters more than distance.
Fertility and your body after treatment
Many men with testicular cancer are young and have not started or completed a family, so please raise this with your doctor early. It is a normal and important question.
- Sperm storage (banking). Cancer itself, and some treatments, can lower sperm quality, sometimes for a long time or permanently. If you may want children, ask about storing sperm before treatment, including before surgery if possible. It is quick and does not delay treatment. Your doctor can tell you where this can be done and what it costs.
- One testicle is usually enough. The remaining testicle often keeps making enough sperm and testosterone. Some men do need hormone checks later, and some need treatment for low testosterone.
- Sexual life. Having a testicle removed does not stop erections or desire. If your sex life is affected, please speak to your doctor, because help is available (see the erectile dysfunction guide).
- Contraception during chemotherapy. Please ask your doctor about this. Sperm can be affected for a while.
If a pregnancy is difficult later, see the male infertility guide. Nobody can promise any particular outcome, but asking early gives you the most choices.
Follow-up
After treatment you will need regular check-ups for several years, with examination, blood tests and sometimes scans. This is to catch any return of the cancer early, when it is usually still very treatable. How often depends on your type and how far it has spread, and your doctors will tell you. Please do not skip these visits even if you feel well, and bring your reports every time. Keep checking the remaining testicle yourself every month, because a man who has had one testicular cancer has a higher chance of a new one in the other.
When to seek urgent help
Go to your nearest hospital emergency department straight away if you have any of the following:
- Sudden, severe pain in a testicle, with or without swelling, nausea or vomiting. This may be a twisted testicle, which is an emergency. See the testicular torsion guide.
- Fever or chills during or after chemotherapy, or feeling very unwell. Your cancer team will have given you a contact number. Use it at once.
- Coughing blood, chest pain or sudden breathlessness.
- A swollen, painful or red leg, or sudden severe back or tummy pain.
- After surgery: a wound that is bleeding, red, leaking or opening, or a fever.
Please also see a doctor within days, without waiting, if you notice a new lump or change in a testicle, even if it does not hurt. It does not need the emergency department, but it should be checked quickly.
Common questions
Is a lump in my testicle always cancer?
No. Most scrotal swellings are fluid, infection, swollen veins or cysts of the tube behind the testicle. But a lump in the testicle itself needs a quick check with an ultrasound and an examination, so please do not wait.
Is testicular cancer curable?
Very often, yes, including many men whose cancer has spread, because it responds well to treatment. Nobody can promise a cure, and your doctors will tell you honestly what to expect in your case. Being seen early gives the best chance.
Will I lose my manhood or be unable to have sex?
No. Losing one testicle does not stop erections, desire or sexual relations. The other testicle usually keeps making testosterone. If you are worried, please talk to your doctor. An artificial testicle can be placed if you want one.
Can I still become a father?
Many men can, because one healthy testicle is often enough. But cancer and some treatments can lower sperm quality. If you want children, please ask about storing sperm before treatment starts.
Does an injury or a knock cause testicular cancer?
No. An injury may make you notice a lump that was already there, but it does not cause the cancer.
Should I have the whole testicle removed? Can the lump just be taken out?
When cancer is suspected, removing the whole testicle through the groin is the safest first step and also gives the exact diagnosis. Cutting into the testicle through the scrotum risks spreading cancer cells. Please talk to a urologist before agreeing to any other operation.
Will I need chemotherapy?
Some men need it and some do not, depending on the type and how far it has spread. Your cancer doctor will explain whether it is advised for you.
Do hakeem remedies, herbal cures or massage cure a lump in the testicle?
There is no good evidence they cure cancer, and delay is the biggest danger. Please do not delay proper checking and treatment for a remedy, and tell your doctor about everything you take.