If you cannot pass urine and your bladder feels full or painful, go to a hospital emergency department nowAgar aap peshab nahi kar pa rahe aur bladder bhara ya dard wala mehsoos ho, to fauran hospital ki emergency mein jayein
Do not wait for it to pass by itself, and do not keep drinking large amounts of water. A bladder that cannot empty becomes more painful and can harm the kidneys. The usual treatment is a thin tube (a catheter) that drains the bladder, and only a doctor or nurse can place it. The same applies if you can pass only a few drops. If a baby or child has not passed urine and seems unwell, go now as well.
Intezar na karein ke khud nikal jaye, aur bohat zyada paani peete na rahein. Jo bladder khaali na ho paye woh zyada dard karta hai aur kidneys ko nuqsan pohancha sakta hai. Aam ilaaj aik patli nali (catheter) hai jo bladder ko khaali kar deti hai, aur isay sirf doctor ya nurse laga sakte hain. Yeh tab bhi laagu hai jab sirf chand boondein aati hon. Agar koi shair khwar ya bachcha peshab na kare aur bimar lage, to bhi fauran jayein.
On this pageIs safhay par
Yeh alamat kya hai
Peshab na kar pane ko urinary retention kehte hain. Achanak (acute) soorat mein aap ko peshab ki hajat hoti hai lekin nahi kar pate, ya sirf chand boondein aati hain, jabke neechla pait sakht aur dard wala ho jata hai. Aap bechain, paseene mein, ya aik jagah baith na pane wale ho sakte hain. Yeh kisi bhi umar ke mard aur aurat ko ho sakta hai, lekin boorhay mardon mein sab se aam hai.
Aahista soorat (chronic retention) be-dard ho sakti hai. Bladder kabhi poori tarah khaali nahi hota, peshab boond boond tapak sakta hai, aur marez ko pata bhi nahi chalta jab tak doctor bhara hua bladder na dekhein ya kidneys mutasir na hon. Is ki bhi jaanch zaroori hai, lekin yeh aam tor par raat ki emergency nahi hoti. Agar aap ki dhaar aahista ya kamzor hai, to meherbani karke kamzor dhaar guide parhein.
Aam wajohat
Retention tab hota hai jab koi cheez nikaas ko band kar de, bladder ka patthay kamzor ho, ya woh nas ke signals kaam na karein jo bladder ko khaali karne ko kehte hain. Aam wajohat yeh hain:
- Mardon mein barhi hui prostate. Boorhay mardon mein yeh sab se aam wajah hai (dekhein enlarged prostate guide).
- Peshab ki nali ka tang hona (stricture). Nishaan ki wajah se nali itni tang ho jati hai ke peshab guzar nahi pata (dekhein urethral stricture guide).
- Qabz. Bohat bhari aant bladder ke nikaas par dabao daal sakti hai. Yeh aam hai aur aksar nazar andaaz ho jata hai.
- Dawaiyan. Kuch zukam aur allergy ki goliyan, bladder control ki kuch dawaiyan, depression ya patthon ke khinchaao ki kuch dawaiyan, aur tez painkillers bladder khaali karna mushkil bana sakti hain. Meherbani karke doctor ko har dawai batayein jo aap lete hain, chahe medical store se ho ya hakeem se.
- Infection ya soji hui prostate, jis se soojan aur dard hota hai (dekhein urine infection guide).
- Pathri ya khoon ka lothra jo nikaas ko band kar de (dekhein peshab mein khoon guide).
- Operation, behoshi ki dawai ya zachgi ke baad. Dard, soojan aur behoshi ki dawai ka asar bladder ko kuch der khaali hone se rok sakta hai.
- Nas ke masail diabetes, reerh ki chot ya disc ke masla, stroke, ya multiple sclerosis jaisi bimariyon se (dekhein neurogenic bladder guide).
- Aurton mein, neeche aaya hua bladder ya rahm (prolapse), pelvis ki gaanth jo bladder par dabao daale, ya shadeed qabz retention kar sakte hain. Yeh mardon se kam aam hai.
- Bachon mein, qabz, infection, nas ke masail, ya peshab ki nali mein rukawat. Jo bachcha peshab na kar sake us ka fauri muaina zaroori hai.
Retention kabhi peeth ke aise masle ki pehli nishani bhi ho sakti hai jo reerh ki nason par dabao daal raha ho. Agar saath mein peeth dard, taangon mein kamzori ya sunn pan, kulhon ya jinsi hisson ke ird gird sunn pan ho, ya aap hajat par qaabu na rakh sakein, to meherbani karke fauran hospital jayein, chahe thora peshab abhi bhi aa raha ho.
Jab peshab hi na ho
Kabhi aadmi isliye peshab nahi karta ke peshab ban hi nahi raha, na ke woh nikal nahi pata. Tab bladder khaali hota hai aur bhara hua, dard wala ehsaas nahi hota. Yeh tab hota hai jab koi bohat paani ki kami ya bohat bimar ho, maslan ulti, dast ya bukhar ke saath, ya kidneys kaam na kar rahi hon. Yeh bhi emergency hai, is liye meherbani karke hospital jayein, khaas tor par agar taangon ya chehre par soojan, saans phoolna ya uljhan ho.
Jaanch aam tor par kaise hoti hai
Emergency team poochhegi ke yeh kab shuru hua, kya aap ki dhaar kamzor thi, peshab mein khoon ya infection tha, aap kaun si dawaiyan lete hain, aur kya operation ya peeth ya nas ka masla hua. Woh aap ka pait dekhenge, aur mardon mein prostate bhi dekh sakte hain. Aam iqdamaat yeh hain:
- Bladder scan, neechle pait par jaldi hone wala ultrasound jo dikhata hai ke bladder mein kitna peshab reh gaya hai.
- Catheter. Aik patli, naram nali bladder mein daali jati hai, aam tor par peshab ki nali ke raaste, sunn karne wali jelly ke baad, peshab nikalne ke liye. Aaram aksar jaldi milta hai. Kuch soorton mein nali pubic haddi ke bilkul oopar khaal se daali jati hai.
- Peshab ka test, infection ya khoon dekhne ke liye.
- Khoon ke tests, kidneys kitni achi tarah kaam kar rahi hain yeh dekhne ke liye.
- Kidneys aur bladder ka ultrasound, yeh dekhne ke liye ke dabao se kidneys phool to nahi gayi.
- Dhaar ka test aur bladder scan, aur kabhi bladder ka camera test, baad mein, wajah dhoondne ke liye.
- Peeth ya nas ke tests, maslan MRI scan, agar kahani ya muaina nas ke masle ki taraf ishara kare.
Catheter aam tor par kuch der ke liye rakha jata hai, phir catheter ke baghair aazmaish ki jati hai. Wajah ka ilaaj phir hota hai, jis mein prostate ki dawaiyan (qism ke lihaz se, jaisa aap ke urologist mashwara dein) ya operation shamil ho sakta hai. Mazeed ke liye dekhein urinary retention guide.
Fauran madad kab lein
Agar aap peshab nahi kar pa rahe, ya bladder bhara ho aur in mein se koi bhi ho to fauran qareebi hospital ke emergency department jayein:
- Aap sirf chand boondein kar pa rahe hain, ya bladder bhara aur dard wala hai aur khaali nahi ho raha.
- Peeth dard ke saath taangon mein kamzori ya sunn pan, kulhon ya jinsi hisson ke ird gird sunn pan, ya hajat par qaabu na rehna. Yeh reerh ki emergency ho sakti hai, chahe aap abhi thora peshab kar rahe hon.
- Bukhar, kapkapi ya bohat bimar mehsoos karna. Band aur infected nizam jaldi khatarnak ban sakta hai.
- Uljhan ya ghunoodgi, khaas tor par kisi umar rasida shakhs mein.
- Zyada khoon behna ya peshab mein mote lothray.
- Neechle pait mein shadeed dard, baar baar ulti, ya taangon ya chehre ki soojan.
- Aisa catheter jo nikaasi band kar chuka ho, dard ya bhare bladder ke saath, ya jo gir gaya ho.
- Shair khwar ya bachcha jis ne peshab na kiya ho aur woh ro raha ho, ulti kar raha ho ya bimar ho.
Aahista ya kamzor dhaar in mein se kisi ke baghair emergency nahi hoti, lekin jaldi jaanch chahiye. Meherbani karke is ka intezar na karein ke pehle retention ho jaye.
Ab kya karein
- Abhi jayein. Dekhne ke liye intezar na karein ke khud nikal jata hai ya nahi, aur pehle jari booti ya ghar ke nuskhay na lein. Khud gaari chalane ke bajaye kisi se kahein ke aap ko le jaye.
- Bohat zyada paani na peeyein. Is se bladder aur bhar jata hai aur dard aur khatra barhta hai.
- Zor se zor na lagayein aur pait par na dabayein. Is se madad nahi milti aur dard ho sakta hai.
- Apni tamam dawaiyon ki fehrist saath layein, jin mein medical store, desi aur jari booti ki dawaiyan bhi shamil hon, aur jo reports ya scans aap ke paas hon.
- Neechle pait par garam pani ka tub ya garam sek sawari ka intezam karte waqt takleef kam kar sakta hai, lekin meherbani karke safar mein deri na karein.
- Catheter ke baad, bag ko bladder se neeche rakhein, nali aur jagah saaf rakhein, aam tarah paani peeyein aur nali ko kabhi na kheinchein. Agar woh band ho jaye, zyada khoon aaye, ya bukhar ya dard ho, to fauran wapas jayein.
- Jaane se pehle plan poochh lein: catheter kab nikalega, baad mein kaun jaanch karega, aur kaun sa urologist wajah dhoondega. Catheter ko follow-up ki tareekh ke baghair nahi rehne dena chahiye.
- Qabz ka ilaaj karein paani, resha, aur zaroorat ho to pharmacist ya doctor ke batayay hue halke nuskhay se.
- Zukam ya allergy ki goliyan lene se pehle poochh lein, khaas tor par agar prostate barhi hui ho. Kuch retention shuru kar sakti hain.
- Urologist ko dikhayein kisi bhi daure ke baad, chahe woh guzar gaya ho, taake wajah dhoondi aur ilaaj ki ja sake.
Aam sawalaat
Zyada dard nahi hai. Kya main subah tak intezar kar sakta hoon?
Meherbani karke nahi. Kuch log, khaas tor par jinhein diabetes ya nas ke masail hon, bladder bohat bhara hone par bhi kam dard mehsoos karte hain. Jo bladder bhara rahe woh kidneys ko nuqsan pohancha sakta hai, is liye isay jaldi khaali karna zaroori hai.
Kya peshab nikalne ke liye bohat paani peena chahiye?
Nahi. Is se bladder aur bhar jata hai. Catheter ka intezar karein, phir aam tarah paani peeyein.
Kya mujhe hamesha catheter chahiye hoga?
Aam tor par nahi. Bohat se logon ka bladder wajah ke ilaaj ke baad dobara kaam karne lagta hai, aur catheter ke baghair aazmaish ki jati hai. Kuch ko operation chahiye, aur chand ko lambay arse ka catheter ya khud chhoti nali daalna seekhna parta hai. Aap ke urologist batayenge ke aap ke liye kya hai.
Kya iska matlab hai ke mujhe cancer hai?
Aam tor par nahi. Sab se aam wajohat barhi hui prostate, qabz, infection ya dawaiyan hain. Phir bhi doctor doosri wajohat dekhte hain, khaas tor par jab peshab mein khoon, wazan ka girna ya peeth dard ho.
Kya auraton ko bhi ho sakta hai?
Haan, lekin kam aam hai. Wajohat mein neeche aaya hua bladder ya rahm, pelvis ki gaanth, qabz, infection, nas ke masail, aur zachgi ya operation ke baad ka waqt shamil hain. Is ko bhi usi fauri dekh-bhaal ki zaroorat hai.
Aik baar hua aur khud theek ho gaya. Kya phir bhi jaanch chahiye?
Haan. Wajah aam tor par maujood hoti hai aur dobara aa sakti hai, kabhi zyada bure waqt par. Meherbani karke urologist ko dikhayein, aur peshab ka test, kidney ka khoon ka test aur ultrasound ke liye kahein.
Kya catheter daalna dardnaak hota hai?
Takleef ho sakti hai, lekin sunn karne wali jelly istemal hoti hai aur bhare bladder ko khaali karne se aaram aksar jaldi milta hai. Meherbani karke dar ko madad lene se na rokne dein.
Mera catheter nikaasi band kar chuka hai ya tapak raha hai. Main kya karoon?
Dekhein ke nali mur to nahi gayi aur bag bladder se neeche hai, aur kuch paani peeyein. Agar phir bhi peshab na nikle, ya dard, bhara bladder, bukhar ya khoon ho, to usi din hospital jayein ya us team se rabta karein jis ne lagaya tha.
What this symptom is
Being unable to pass urine is called urinary retention. In the sudden (acute) form, you feel the need to pass urine but cannot, or only a few drops come, while your lower tummy becomes tight and painful. You may feel restless, sweaty or unable to sit still. It can happen to men and women of any age, but it is most common in older men.
A slower form (chronic retention) can be painless. The bladder never empties fully, urine may dribble out, and the person may not realise anything is wrong until a doctor notices a full bladder or the kidneys are affected. It needs a check too, but it is not usually a night-time emergency. If you have a slow, weak stream, please read the weak stream guide.
Common causes
Retention happens when something blocks the outlet, the bladder muscle is weak, or the nerve signals that tell the bladder to empty are not working. Common causes are:
- An enlarged prostate in men. This is the most common cause in older men (see the enlarged prostate guide).
- A narrowing of the urine tube (stricture). Scarring makes the tube too narrow for urine to pass (see the urethral stricture guide).
- Constipation. A very full bowel can press on the bladder outlet. It is common and often missed.
- Medicines. Some cold and allergy tablets, some medicines for bladder control, some for depression or muscle spasm, and strong painkillers can make it hard to empty the bladder. Please tell the doctor about every medicine you take, including those from a chemist or a hakeem.
- Infection or an inflamed prostate, which causes swelling and pain (see the urine infection guide).
- A stone or blood clot blocking the outlet (see the blood in urine guide).
- After an operation, an anaesthetic or childbirth. Pain, swelling and the effect of the anaesthetic can stop the bladder emptying for a while.
- Nerve problems from diabetes, a spinal injury or disc problem, a stroke or conditions such as multiple sclerosis (see the neurogenic bladder guide).
- In women, a bladder or womb that has dropped (prolapse), a pelvic lump pressing on the bladder, or severe constipation can cause retention. It is less common than in men.
- In children, constipation, infection, nerve problems, or a blockage in the urine tube. A child who cannot pass urine needs urgent assessment.
Retention can also be the first sign of a back problem pressing on the spinal nerves. If you also have back pain, weakness or numbness in the legs, numbness around the bottom or genitals, or you cannot control your bowels, please go to hospital at once, even if you can still pass some urine.
When there is no urine to pass
Sometimes a person passes no urine because none is being made, not because it cannot get out. The bladder is then empty and there is no full, painful feeling. This happens when someone is very dehydrated or very unwell, for example with vomiting, diarrhoea or fever, or when the kidneys are not working. It is also an emergency, so please go to hospital, especially if there is swelling of the legs or face, breathlessness or confusion.
How it is usually investigated
The emergency team will ask when it started, whether you have had a weak stream, blood in the urine or infection, what medicines you take, and whether you have had an operation or a back or nerve problem. They will examine your tummy, and in men they may examine the prostate. Usual steps are:
- A bladder scan, a quick ultrasound on the lower tummy that shows how much urine is left in the bladder.
- A catheter. A thin, soft tube is passed into the bladder, usually through the urine tube after numbing jelly, to drain the urine. Relief is often quick. In some cases the tube is placed through the skin just above the pubic bone instead.
- A urine test, to look for infection or blood.
- Blood tests, to check how well the kidneys are working.
- Ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder, to check whether the kidneys have swelled because of the pressure.
- A flow test and bladder scan, and sometimes a camera test of the bladder, later, to find the cause.
- Back or nerve tests, such as an MRI scan, if the story or the examination suggests a nerve problem.
The catheter is usually left in for a time, then a trial without a catheter is planned. Treatment of the cause follows, which may include medicines for the prostate (by type, as advised by your urologist) or an operation. See the urinary retention guide for more.
When to seek urgent help
Go to the nearest hospital emergency department if you cannot pass urine, or if you have a full bladder and any of these:
- You can pass only a few drops, or your bladder feels full and painful and will not empty.
- Back pain with weakness or numbness in the legs, numbness around the bottom or genitals, or loss of bowel control. This can be a spinal emergency, even if you can still pass some urine.
- Fever, shaking chills or feeling very unwell. A blocked, infected system can become dangerous quickly.
- Confusion or drowsiness, especially in an older person.
- Heavy bleeding or thick clots in the urine.
- Severe lower tummy pain, repeated vomiting, or swelling of the legs or face.
- A catheter that has stopped draining, with pain or a full bladder, or that has fallen out.
- A baby or child who has not passed urine and is crying, vomiting or unwell.
A slow or weak stream without any of these is not an emergency, but it needs a check soon. Please do not wait for retention to happen first.
What to do next
- Go now. Do not wait to see whether it passes, and do not take herbal or home remedies first. Ask someone to take you rather than driving yourself.
- Do not drink large amounts of water. It fills the bladder more and increases the pain and risk.
- Do not strain hard or press on your tummy. It will not help and can hurt.
- Bring a list of all your medicines, including those from a chemist, desi and herbal ones, and any reports or scans you have.
- A warm bath or warm pack on the lower tummy may ease the discomfort while you arrange transport, but please do not delay the journey.
- After a catheter, keep the bag below the level of the bladder, keep the tube and area clean, drink normally and never pull the tube. Go back at once if it blocks, bleeds heavily, or you get fever or pain.
- Ask for a plan before you leave: when the catheter will come out, who will check you afterwards, and which urologist will look for the cause. A catheter should not be left in without a follow-up date.
- Treat constipation with fluids, fibre and, if needed, a gentle remedy advised by a pharmacist or doctor.
- Ask before taking cold or allergy tablets, especially if you have an enlarged prostate. Some can bring on retention.
- See a urologist after any episode, even if it has passed, to find and treat the cause.
Common questions
It does not hurt much. Can I wait until the morning?
Please do not. Some people, especially those with diabetes or nerve problems, feel little pain even when the bladder is very full. A full bladder that stays full can harm the kidneys, so it needs to be drained soon.
Should I drink lots of water to make it pass?
No. It fills the bladder even more. Wait for the catheter, then drink normally.
Will I need a catheter forever?
Usually not. Many people get the bladder working again once the cause is treated, and a trial without a catheter is planned. Some need an operation, and a few need a long-term catheter or to learn to pass a small tube themselves. Your urologist will explain which applies.
Does this mean I have cancer?
Usually not. The most common causes are an enlarged prostate, constipation, infection or medicines. Doctors still check for other causes, and especially if there is blood in the urine, weight loss or back pain.
Can women get it too?
Yes, though it is less common. Causes include a dropped bladder or womb, a pelvic lump, constipation, infection, nerve problems, and the time after childbirth or an operation. It needs the same urgent care.
It happened once and then passed by itself. Do I still need checks?
Yes. The cause is usually still there and it can come back, sometimes at a worse moment. Please see a urologist, and ask for a urine test, kidney blood test and an ultrasound.
Is it painful to have a catheter put in?
It can be uncomfortable, but numbing jelly is used and the relief from draining a full bladder is often quick. Please do not let fear stop you from getting help.
My catheter has stopped draining or is leaking. What should I do?
Check that the tube is not kinked and the bag is below the bladder, and drink some fluids. If urine still does not drain, or you have pain, a full bladder, fever or bleeding, go to hospital or contact the team that placed it, the same day.