Bladder stonesBladder stones (bladder ki pathri)

Bladder stones kya hain

Bladder stone yaani bladder ki pathri, bladder ke andar namkiyaat ka sakht dhela hota hai. Yeh peshab ke namak jam jane se banti hai, aam tor par is liye ke peshab karne ke baad kuch peshab peeche reh jata hai. Pathri rait ke zarre jitni chhoti ya anday jitni badi ho sakti hai, aur aik ya kai ho sakti hain.

Bladder ki pathri kidney ki pathri se mukhtalif hai, agarcheh kabhi kabhi kidney ki pathri neeche aa kar bladder mein bhi barh sakti hai. Inka ilaaj ho sakta hai, aur ahem baat sirf pathri nikalna nahi balkeh yeh maloom karna bhi hai ke yeh kyun bani. Yeh guide wajohat, alamaat, tests, ilaaj, aur dobara banne ka imkaan kam karne ke tareeqay samjhati hai.

Peshab mein dard, peshab ka achanak beech mein ruk jana, ya peshab mein khoon ki jaanch honi chahiye. Meherbani karke jari bootiyon ya bohat zyada pani peene se khud ilaaj ki koshish na karein.

Yeh kitni aam hain

Bladder ki pathri zyada tar mardon mein hoti hai, khaas tor par barhe hue prostate wale umar rasida mardon mein, aur un logon mein jin ka bladder theek se khali nahi hota. Yeh auraton aur bachon ko bhi ho sakti hai, khaas tor par Janubi Asia ke kuch hisson mein. Bohat se logon ko pathri ke barhne ya hilne tak koi alamaat nahi hoti.

Yeh kyun banti hain

Zyada tar bladder ki pathri is liye banti hai ke peshab poori tarah khali nahi hota. Aam wajohat aur khatre ke asbab:

• Barha hua prostate jo peshab ka bahao rokta hai (dekhein enlarged prostate guide).
• Peshab ki nali ka tang hona (dekhein urethral stricture guide).
• Kamzor ya nason se mutasir bladder jo theek se nahi sikarta (dekhein neurogenic bladder guide).
• Auraton mein neeche ko dhalka hua bladder, ya bladder ki deewar mein chhoti thailiyan (diverticula) jahan peshab jama hota hai.
• Lamba arsa lagaya gaya catheter, ya operation ke baad bladder ke andar tanke ya koi aur cheez.
• Baar baar peshab ke infection (dekhein urine infection guide).
• Kam pani peena, khaas tor par garmi mein, jis se peshab gaarha ho jata hai.
• Kidney se utri hui pathri jo bladder mein barh gayi ho (dekhein kidney stones guide).

Bladder ki pathri kisi aik khaane se nahi banti, aur yeh saza ya kamzori ki nishani nahi. Meherbani karke apne aap ko qasoorwar na thehrayen.

Aam alamaat

Kuch logon ko koi alamaat nahi hoti. Jab hoti hain to yeh ho sakti hain:

• Neechle pait mein dard, ya mardon mein penis ke sire par dard.
• Peshab karte waqt dard ya jalan.
• Maamool se zyada baar peshab aana, raat ko bhi.
• Peshab ki dhaar ka ruk ruk kar chalna, ya achanak ruk jana, aur jism ki position badalne se dobara shuru hona.
• Peshab mein khoon, ya dhundla ya gehra peshab.
• Baar baar peshab ke infection.
• Peshab karne mein mushkil, ya yeh mehsoos hona ke bladder khali nahi hua.

In mein se bohat si alamaat barhe hue prostate, peshab ke infection, ya kam aam tor par bladder cancer ki alamaat jaisi hain. Peshab mein khoon ki hamesha mukammal jaanch honi chahiye (dekhein bladder cancer guide).

Tashkhees kaise hoti hai

Aap ke doctor aam tor par:

• Alamaat ke baare mein poochhenge aur yeh ke bladder kitna acha khali hota hai, aur muaina karenge.
• Peshab ka test karenge: infection aur khoon ke liye.
• Khoon ke tests karenge taake kidneys dekhe ja sakein.
• Ultrasound karwayenge, jis mein pathri aur bladder mein bacha hua peshab nazar aata hai. X-ray ya CT scan se pathri ya us ka size mazeed theek dekha ja sakta hai.
• Patli camera se bladder ke andar dekhenge (cystoscopy). Is se pathri seedhi nazar aati hai aur doctor bladder ki andar ki parat aur nikasi bhi dekh sakta hai.

Kyunke peshab mein khoon ki aik se zyada wajohat ho sakti hain, is liye scan par pathri nazar aane ke baad bhi aksar bladder ke andar camera se dekhne ka mashwara diya jata hai.

Ilaaj ke tareeqay

Ilaaj pathri ke size aur qism, aur aap ki aam sehat par munhasir hai:

Sirf pathri nikalna kaafi nahi agar wo wajah mojood hai jis se yeh bani. Meherbani karke pathri nikalne ke baad follow-up na chhorein.

Wajah ka ilaaj

Aap ke urologist yeh dekhenge ke bladder ka khali hona kis wajah se ruka, kyunke is ka ilaaj na ho to pathri aksar dobara ban jati hai. Maslan, barhe hue prostate ko ilaaj chahiye ho sakta hai, stricture kholni pad sakti hai, aur bladder ki thaili nikalni pad sakti hai. Agar catheter wajah hai to catheter ke plan ka jaiza liya jayega. Wajah ka ilaaj plan ka ahem hissa hai, aur aap ke doctor batayenge ke aap par kya lagu hota hai.

Dobara banne se bachna

Yeh qadam madad karte hain, aur ilaaj ke baad bhi karne ke qabil hain:

• Din bhar kaafi pani peeyein. Aap ka peshab halka rang ka hona chahiye. Garmi mein ya zyada paseena aaye to zyada peeyein.
• Hajat hone par peshab karein, aur der tak na rokein. Faarigh hone ke baad kuch second ruk kar dobara koshish karein ke bladder mazeed khali ho.
• Qabz ka ilaaj karein, aur phal aur sabziyan kaafi khayein.
• Peshab ke infection ka jaldi ilaaj karwayein.
• Follow-up mein aayein, aur alamaat wapis aayein to doctor ko batayein.

Bachon mein bladder stones

Bladder ki pathri bachon mein bhi ho sakti hai, aksar chhote larkon mein. Janubi Asia ke kuch hisson mein is ka taalluq kam qisam ki khuraak aur pani ki kami se raha hai, maslan dast, garmi ya bukhar ke dauran. Maan ka doodh, mutawazin khuraak aur kaafi paani is se bachne mein madad karte hain. Jis bachay ko peshab karte waqt dard ho, peshab mein khoon ho, ya dhaar ruk ruk kar chale, use doctor ko dikhana chahiye. Ilaaj aam tor par peshab ki nali se hota hai, aur bachay ka ilaaj bachon ke tajarbe-kaar doctor karte hain (dekhein urine infection guide).

Aam sawalaat

What bladder stones are

A bladder stone is a hard lump of minerals that forms inside the bladder. It starts from salts in the urine that crystallise, usually because some urine stays behind after you pass water. Stones can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as an egg, and there can be one or several.

Bladder stones are different from kidney stones, although a kidney stone can sometimes travel down and grow in the bladder. They are treatable, and the important thing is not only to remove the stone but also to find out why it formed. This guide explains the causes, the symptoms, the tests, the treatment and how to reduce the chance of them returning.

Passing urine with pain, stopping suddenly in mid-stream, or seeing blood in the urine should be checked. Please do not treat these yourself with herbal remedies or by drinking large amounts of fluid.

How common they are

Bladder stones are mostly found in men, especially older men with an enlarged prostate, and in people whose bladder does not empty well. They can also occur in women, and in children, particularly in some parts of South Asia. Many people have no symptoms until the stone grows or moves.

Why they form

Most bladder stones form because urine is not fully emptied. Common causes and risk factors include:

• An enlarged prostate blocking the flow of urine (see the enlarged prostate guide).
• A narrowed urine tube (see the urethral stricture guide).
• A weak or nerve-damaged bladder that does not squeeze properly (see the neurogenic bladder guide).
• A bladder that drops or bulges in women, or small pouches (diverticula) in the bladder wall where urine collects.
• A catheter left in for a long time, or stitches or other material inside the bladder after an operation.
• Repeated urine infections (see the urine infection guide).
• Not drinking enough, especially in hot weather, which makes the urine concentrated.
• A stone that has come down from the kidney and grown in the bladder (see the kidney stones guide).

Bladder stones are not caused by anything you ate in a single meal, and they are not a punishment or a sign of weakness. Please do not blame yourself.

Common symptoms

Some people have no symptoms at all. When they do appear, they can include:

• Pain in the lower tummy, or pain at the tip of the penis in men.
• Pain or burning when passing urine.
• Passing urine more often than usual, including at night.
• A stream that stops and starts, or stops suddenly, and may start again if you change position.
• Blood in the urine, or cloudy or dark urine.
• Repeated urine infections.
• Difficulty passing urine, or feeling that the bladder has not emptied.

Many of these symptoms are the same as those of an enlarged prostate, a urine infection or, less often, bladder cancer. Blood in the urine always needs a proper check (see the bladder cancer guide).

How they are diagnosed

Your doctor will usually:

• Ask about your symptoms and how well you empty your bladder, and examine you.
• Test your urine for infection and blood.
• Do blood tests to check your kidneys.
• Arrange an ultrasound scan, which can show a stone and how much urine is left in the bladder. An X-ray or CT scan may be used to see the stone or its size more exactly.
• Look inside the bladder with a thin camera (cystoscopy). This shows the stone directly and also lets the doctor look at the bladder lining and the outlet.

Because blood in the urine can have more than one cause, a camera look inside the bladder is often advised even when a stone has already been seen on a scan.

Treatment options

Treatment depends on the size and type of stone, and on your general health:

Removing the stone alone is not enough if the reason it formed is still there. Please do not stop follow-up after the stone has been removed.

Treating the cause

Your urologist will look for what stopped the bladder emptying, because a stone will often form again if this is not treated. For example, an enlarged prostate may need treatment, a stricture may need to be opened, and a bladder pouch may need to be removed. If a catheter is the cause, the plan for the catheter will be reviewed. Treating the cause is an important part of the plan, and your doctor will explain what applies to you.

Stopping them coming back

These steps help, and they are worth doing even after treatment:

• Drink enough water through the day. Your urine should be pale. Drink more in hot weather or if you sweat a lot.
• Pass urine when you feel the need, and do not hold it for long. After you have finished, wait a few seconds and try again to empty the bladder further.
• Treat constipation, and eat plenty of fruit and vegetables.
• Get urine infections treated early.
• Attend follow-up, and tell your doctor if the symptoms return.

Bladder stones in children

Bladder stones can occur in children, most often in young boys. In some parts of South Asia, they have been linked with a diet low in variety and with being short of fluid, for example during diarrhoea, heat or fever. Breastfeeding, a balanced diet, and plenty of fluids help to prevent them. A child with pain passing urine, blood in the urine, or a stream that stops and starts should see a doctor. Treatment is usually through the urine tube, and the child will be looked after by a doctor with experience in children (see also the urine infection guide).

Common questions