On this pageIs safhay par
Yeh test kya hai aur kyun kiya jata hai
Peshab kidneys, ureters, bladder aur peshab ki nali se guzarta hai, is liye is mein in sab ke baare mein ishare hote hain. Peshab ka test infection, khoon, pathri, protein, shakkar, aur kabhi ghair-mamooli cells dikha sakta hai. Is mein sui nahi lagti, yeh mehfooz aur sasta hai, aur dohraya ja sakta hai.
Mukhtalif tests mukhtalif sawalon ke jawab dete hain. Dipstick jaldi hone wala screening test hai. Culture infection dhoondta hai aur batata hai ke kaun si dawa kaam karegi. Cytology ghair-mamooli cells dhoondti hai. Aksar aik hi sample par in mein se aik se zyada tests hote hain.
Dipstick test
Chhote rangeen khanon wali patli plastic ki patti aap ke peshab mein dubo di jati hai. Agar kuch milta hai to har khana rang badal leta hai, aur chand lamhon ke baad rang parhe jate hain. Yeh jaldi ho jata hai aur clinic ya bistar ke paas kiya ja sakta hai.
Yeh khoon (woh bhi jo nazar na aaye), safaid cells aur nitrite naam ki kimiyai cheez jo infection ki taraf ishara kar sakti hai, protein jo kidney ke masle ki taraf ishara kar sakta hai, shakkar jo diabetes ki taraf ishara kar sakti hai, aur peshab ki ghaadhapan dekhta hai.
Yeh screening test hai, aakhri jawab nahi. Yeh jhoota musbat ho sakta hai, jaise mahwari ya zor ki warzish ke baad ka khoon, aur yeh infection chhod bhi sakta hai. Dipstick mein khoon, chahe thora sa ho, agar baar baar aaye to nazar andaaz nahi karna chahiye. Meherbani karke apne doctor ko dikhayein (dekhein peshab mein khoon ki guide).
Peshab ka culture
Sample laboratory bheja jata hai, jahan use dish ya khaas mahlool mein rakha jata hai taake us mein mojood germs ug sakein. Is se pata chalta hai ke infection hai ya nahi, kaun sa germ is ki wajah hai, aur kaun si antibiotics us par kaam karengi. Is aakhri hissay ko sensitivity testing kehte hain.
Culture dipstick se zyada waqt leta hai, kyunke germs ko ugne ke liye waqt chahiye. Aap ka doctor intezar karte hue ilaaj shuru kar sakta hai, aur agar nateeja dikhaye ke koi aur dawa behtar kaam karegi to use badal sakta hai.
Yeh us waqt behtar kaam karta hai jab sample kisi bhi antibiotic shuru karne se pehle liya jaye. Agar aap pehle hi antibiotics le chuke hon to doctor ko batayein, kyunke us soorat mein nateeja jhoota saaf aa sakta hai. Chemist ke counter se baghair test ke antibiotics lena infection ko chhupa sakta hai, ilaaj mushkil bana sakta hai, aur germs ko dawa ke khilaf muzahimat paida karne mein madad deta hai (dekhein urinary tract infection guide).
Peshab ki cytology
Kidneys, ureters aur bladder ki andar ki parat ke cells peshab mein aate rehte hain. Cytology mein sample ko microscope se dekha jata hai taake ghair-mamooli nazar aane wale cells dhoondhe ja sakein. Yeh aam tor par us waqt hota hai jab peshab mein khoon ho, aur un logon ki nigrani ke liye jin ko bladder cancer ho chuka ho.
Normal cytology cancer ko radd nahi karti, aur ghair-normal cytology khud cancer sabit nahi karti. Kuch cancer aise cells bohat kam chhodte hain jo ghair-mamooli nazar aate hain. Agar aap ka urologist fikarmand ho to bladder ka camera test (dekhein flexible cystoscopy guide) parat ko seedha dekhne ka tareeqa hai.
Aap ki laboratory batayegi ke sample kab dena hai. Kuch labs subah ka pehla peshab na lene ko kehti hain, kyunke cells raat bhar toot-phoot shuru kar dete hain. Lab ki hidayaat par amal karein.
Saaf sample kaise dein
“Clean-catch” ya beech ka sample khaal ke germs ko sample se door rakhta hai, taake nateeja zyada qabil-e-aitmaad ho.
- Sahi dibba istemal karein. Lab, clinic ya pharmacy se saaf dibba lein. Purani bottle ya jar istemal na karein, chahe dho li gayi ho. Agar aap ko dibba nahi mila to maang lein.
- Haath dho lein, phir jahan se peshab nikalta hai us jagah ko paani ya diye gaye wipes se saaf karein. Mard khaal (foreskin) peeche kar lein. Auratein khaal ki tahon ko alag kar ke aagay se peeche ki taraf saaf karein.
- Peshab toilet mein shuru karein, phir beech ki dhaar dibbe mein lein, aur aakhir toilet mein karein. Agar rok na sakein to pareshan na hon, aur dibba kinaray tak na bharein.
- Dibbe ke andar ya dhakkan ko haath na lagayein. Use mazbooti se band karein aur haath dho lein.
- Dibbe par apna naam aur tareekh aur waqt likhein.
- Jaldi lab pohanchayein. Garmi mein garam sample mein germs tezi se barhte hain. Lab ke mashwaray ke mutabiq thanda rakhein, aur use garam gaari mein ya dhoop mein na chhodein.
- Agar aap ko catheter ho to sample nurse ko sampling point se lena chahiye, bag se nahi.
- Agar mahwari ho to doctor ya lab ko batayein. Is se nateeja mutasir ho sakta hai.
- Bachon aur chhote bachon ke liye clinic sample lene ka tareeqa samjhayega.
Jis se test maang rahe hain use batayein agar aap ne antibiotics shuru kar di hain, ya koi dawa ya vitamins lete hain. Kuch peshab ka rang badal dete hain.
Aap ke nateeje
Har peshab ki report ki likhi hui copy maangein aur sab aik jagah rakhein. Apne urologist ke paas layein: kai tests ka andaaz aik nateeje se zyada batata hai.
- Dipstick: usi waqt jaldi jawab. Yeh aagay ka raasta batata hai, lekin aakhri nahi.
- Culture: lab ko germs ugane ka waqt milne ke baad aata hai. Poochh lein ke kab milega. “Koi growth nahi” ka matlab hai koi germ nahi ugaa, jis ka matlab yeh ho sakta hai ke infection nahi, ya sample se pehle antibiotics li gayi thin.
- Cytology: lab se aati hai aur zyada waqt leti hai. Yaqeeni banayein ke aap ko nateeja bataya jaye, aur poochhein ke agla qadam kya hai.
Agar aap ko ab bhi jalan ya doosri alamaat hain lekin test saaf aaya hai to apne doctor ko batayein. Saaf test ka matlab yeh nahi ke aap ki alamaat haqeeqi nahi, aur doosri wajohat hoti hain (dekhein peshab mein jalan ya dard ki guide).
Fauran madad kab lein
Agar in mein se koi bhi ho to fauran qareebi hospital ke emergency department jayein:
- Bukhar, kapkapi ya bohat bimar mehsoos karna peshab ki alamaat ya pehlu ke dard ke saath (dekhein pehlu ya kidney ke dard ki guide).
- Aap peshab nahi kar pa rahe, ya bohat kam kar rahe hain (dekhein urinary retention guide).
- Peshab mein zyada khoon ya lothray.
- Umar rasida shakhs mein peshab ke infection ke saath nayi uljhan ya ghunoodgi.
- Hamal mein bukhar ya jalan.
Peshab ke test ka nateeja lab ke liye ruk sakta hai. Shadeed alamaat nahi ruk sakti.
Aam sawalaat
Kya mujhe subah ka pehla peshab dena chahiye?
Hamesha nahi. Kuch tests, jaise culture, ke liye subah ka pehla peshab madadgar ho sakta hai kyunke woh ghaadha hota hai, lekin cytology ke liye bohat si labs use pasand nahi karti. Jo hidayaat milein un par amal karein.
Mujh se doosra sample kyun maanga gaya?
Pehla sample khaal ke germs se milawat ka shikaar ho sakta hai ya wazeh nahi ho sakta. Dobara sample dekhta hai ke nateeja haqeeqi hai ya nahi.
Mere dipstick mein khoon aaya hai, lekin peshab normal nazar aata hai. Is ka kya matlab hai?
Is ka matlab hai ke thora sa khoon mila hai jo aap ko nazar nahi aata. Yeh be-zarar ho sakta hai, lekin yeh pathri, infection, ya kam aam tor par kisi sanjeeda cheez ki nishani bhi ho sakta hai. Agar dobara mile to isay dekhna chahiye (dekhein peshab mein khoon ki guide).
Kya main sample dene se pehle antibiotics le sakta hoon?
Behtar hai ke na lein. Sample se pehle li gayi antibiotics culture ko saaf dikha sakti hain jabke infection ab bhi ho. Agar aap pehle le chuke hon to doctor ko batayein.
Mere culture mein koi growth nahi aayi, lekin jalan ab bhi hai. Kyun?
Jalan hamesha infection se nahi hoti. Sozish, pathri, chirchirahat, jinsi taluq se lagne wala infection, ya infection ke baghair bladder ka dard sab is ki wajah ho sakte hain. Apne doctor ko batayein jo doosri wajohat dhoondh sakta hai.
Kya peshab ka test cancer dhoondta hai?
Sirf cytology ghair-mamooli cells dekhti hai, aur woh cancer chhod sakti hai. Dipstick par khoon aik shuruati ishara ho sakta hai, lekin bladder cancer dhoondne wale tests scan aur bladder ka camera test hain.
Kya mahwari ke dauran sample de sakti hoon?
Ji haan, lekin lab ya doctor ko batayein. Mahwari ka khoon nateeje ko gumrah kar sakta hai, aur aap ka doctor baad mein dobara test ya saaf sample lene ka mashwara de sakta hai.
What it is and why it is done
Urine passes through the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder and the urine tube, so it carries clues about all of them. A urine test can show infection, blood, stones, protein, sugar, and sometimes abnormal cells. It needs no needle, is safe and cheap, and can be repeated.
Different tests answer different questions. The dipstick is a quick screening test. The culture finds infection and shows which medicine will work. The cytology looks for abnormal cells. Often you will have more than one of these on the same sample.
Dipstick test
A thin plastic strip with small coloured squares is dipped in your urine. Each square changes colour if it finds something, and the colours are read after a short time. It is quick and can be done in a clinic or at the bedside.
It looks for blood (even blood you cannot see), white cells and a chemical called nitrite, which can point to infection, protein, which can point to a kidney problem, sugar, which can point to diabetes, and how concentrated the urine is.
It is a screening test, not a final answer. It can be falsely positive, for example blood from a period or after hard exercise, and it can miss an infection. A dipstick that shows blood, even a small amount, should not be ignored if it keeps coming back. Please see your doctor (see the blood in urine guide).
Urine culture
A sample is sent to the laboratory, where it is placed on a dish or in a special liquid so that any germs in it can grow. This shows whether there is an infection, which germ is causing it, and which antibiotics will work against it. This last part is called sensitivity testing.
A culture takes longer than a dipstick, because the germs need time to grow. Your doctor may start treatment while waiting, and change it if the result shows a different medicine would work better.
It works best when the sample is taken before you start any antibiotic. If you have already taken antibiotics, tell the doctor, because the result can then be falsely clear. Taking antibiotics from a chemist counter without a test can hide an infection, make it harder to treat, and help germs to become resistant (see the urinary tract infection guide).
Urine cytology
Cells from the lining of the kidneys, ureters and bladder are shed into the urine. In cytology, a sample is looked at under a microscope for cells that look abnormal. It is used mainly when there is blood in the urine, and to follow people who have had bladder cancer.
A normal cytology does not rule out cancer, and an abnormal one does not by itself prove it. Some cancers shed few cells that look abnormal. If your urologist is concerned, a camera test of the bladder (see the flexible cystoscopy guide) is the way to look at the lining directly.
Your laboratory will tell you when to give the sample. Some labs ask you to avoid the first urine of the morning, because cells begin to break down overnight. Follow the lab’s instructions.
How to give a clean sample
A “clean-catch” or midstream sample keeps skin germs out of the sample, so that the result is more reliable.
- Use the right container. Get a clean container from the lab, clinic or pharmacy. Please do not use an old bottle or jar, even if it has been washed. If you have not been given one, ask for one.
- Wash your hands, then clean around the opening where urine comes out with water or the wipes provided. Men should pull back the foreskin. Women should part the folds of skin and clean from front to back.
- Start passing urine into the toilet, then catch the middle part of the stream in the container, and finish in the toilet. Do not worry if you cannot hold on, and do not fill the container to the top.
- Do not touch the inside of the container or the lid. Close it firmly and wash your hands.
- Write your name and the date and time on the container.
- Get it to the lab quickly. In hot weather germs multiply fast in a warm sample. Keep it cool as the lab advises, and do not leave it in a hot car or in the sun.
- If you have a catheter, the sample should be taken by a nurse from the sampling point, not from the bag.
- If you are having a period, tell the doctor or the lab. It can affect the result.
- For babies and small children, the clinic will explain how to collect the sample.
Tell the person asking for the test if you have started antibiotics, or take any medicines or vitamins. Some can change the colour of the urine.
Your results
Ask for a written copy of every urine report and keep them together. Take them to your urologist: a pattern over several tests tells more than a single result.
- Dipstick: a quick answer at the time. It guides what is done next, but it is not final.
- Culture: comes after the lab has had time to grow germs. Ask when to expect it. A report of “no growth” means no germ grew, which can mean there is no infection, or that antibiotics were taken before the sample.
- Cytology: comes from the lab and takes longer. Make sure you are told the result, and ask what the next step is.
If you still have burning or other symptoms but your test is clear, tell your doctor. A clear test does not mean your symptoms are not real, and there are other causes (see the burning or pain when passing urine guide).
When to seek urgent help
Please go to the nearest hospital emergency department if any of these happen:
- Fever, shivering or feeling very unwell with urinary symptoms or pain in the side (see the flank or kidney pain guide).
- You cannot pass urine, or are passing very little (see the urinary retention guide).
- Heavy blood in the urine, or clots.
- New confusion or drowsiness in an older person with a urine infection.
- Fever or burning in pregnancy.
A urine test result can wait for the lab. Severe symptoms cannot.
Common questions
Do I need to give the first urine of the morning?
Not always. For some tests, such as a culture, the first morning urine can be useful because it is more concentrated, but for cytology many labs prefer not to use it. Follow the instructions you are given.
Why was I asked for a second sample?
A first sample may have been contaminated with skin germs or may have been unclear. A repeat sample checks whether the finding is real.
My dipstick shows blood, but my urine looks normal. What does it mean?
It means a small amount of blood, which you cannot see, has been found. It can be harmless, but it can also be a sign of a stone, an infection or, less often, something more serious. If it is found again, it needs to be looked into (see the blood in urine guide).
Can I take antibiotics before I give the sample?
It is best not to. Antibiotics taken before the sample can make the culture look clear when there is still an infection. If you have already taken some, tell the doctor.
My culture shows no growth, but I still have burning. Why?
Burning does not always come from infection. Inflammation, stones, irritation, an STI, or bladder pain without infection can all cause it. Tell your doctor, who can look for other causes.
Does a urine test find cancer?
Only the cytology looks for abnormal cells, and it can miss cancer. Blood on a dipstick can be an early clue, but the tests that find bladder cancer are a scan and a camera test of the bladder.
Can I give a sample during my period?
Yes, but tell the lab or doctor. Blood from the period can make the result misleading, and your doctor may advise a repeat later or give you advice on how to take a clean sample.