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Hydrocele kya hai
Testicle scrotum ke andar aik patli, do tehon wali thaili (sac) mein hota hai. Aam tor par is thaili mein sirf bohat thoda sa pani hota hai. Hydrocele us waqt hota hai jab thaili mein testicle ke gird zyada pani jama ho jata hai, jis se scrotum aik taraf, ya kabhi kabhi dono taraf, soojh jata hai.
Yeh pani ki soojan hai, testicle ki apni soojan nahi. Hydrocele cancer nahi hai, aur hernia bhi nahi, agarche yeh dekhne aur chhoone mein aik jaise lag sakte hain. Isi liye is ki theek jaanch zaroori hai.
Hydrocele aam tor par dardnak nahi hota aur testicle ko nuqsan nahi pohanchata. Madad maangne mein sharmayen nahi: urologist ke paas aane ki yeh bohat aam wajah hai.
Yeh kitna aam hai
Hydrocele aam hain. Yeh chhote bachchon aur har umar ke mardon ko ho sakte hain, aur zyada umar ke mardon mein zyada aam ho jate hain. Bohat se chhote hote hain aur koi takleef nahi dete.
Yeh kyun hota hai
Aksar koi wazeh wajah nahi hoti, khaas tor par baalighon mein. Kabhi kabhi hydrocele in ke baad hota hai:
- testicle ya us ke peeche ki nali mein infection (epididymo-orchitis);
- scrotum par chot;
- us jagah par operation ya radiotherapy;
- testicle ki koi aur mushkil, jo scan ke faida mand hone ki aik wajah hai.
Chhote bachchon mein
Bohat se bachche hydrocele ke saath paida hote hain, kyunke paidaish se pehle pait ko scrotum se jodne wali chhoti si nali poori tarah band nahi hui hoti. Zyadatar bachchon mein yeh nali band hone par khud hi theek ho jata hai, kisi ilaaj ke baghair. Agar aap ke bete ki soojan bohat badi ho, din bhar mein bohat badalti ho, ya saath mein ran (groin) mein ubhaar ho, to usay doctor ko dikhana chahiye, kyunke yeh hernia ho sakta hai.
Hydrocele garmi, bhaari cheezein uthane, cycle chalane, ya maazi mein kiye gaye kisi kaam se nahi hota. Meherbani karke apne aap ko qasoorwar na thehrayen.
Aam alamaat
Aksar mard yeh mehsoos karte hain:
- Scrotum ke aik ya dono taraf hamwaar, bina dard ki soojan.
- Bhaari pan ya neeche kheenchne ka ehsaas.
- Din ke aakhir mein soojan ka zyada hona, ya us ke size mein tabdeeli.
- Soojan bari ho to kapron, chalne, baithne ya jinsi taluq mein takleef.
- Shakal ki wajah se sharmindagi.
Hydrocele mein aam tor par dard nahi hota. Dard, sakht ganth, ya tezi se badalti soojan ki jaldi jaanch karwani chahiye.
Theek jaanch kyun zaroori hai
Scrotum ki soojan kai alag alag masail ki wajah se ho sakti hai, aur ghar par in mein farq karna qabil-e-aitmad nahi hota. Jis soojan ko hydrocele samjha jaye, doctor us ki jaanch karta hai taake yaqeen ho jaye ke yeh kuch aur nahi, jis mein testicle ke andar ke woh masail bhi shamil hain jin ka ilaaj zaroori hota hai. Isi liye hum mashwara dete hain ke scrotum ki soojan ko bina jaanch ke na chhodein, chahe us mein dard na ho.
Zyadatar yeh sirf hydrocele hi nikalta hai, aur is tasalli ki qeemat hai.
Tashkhees kaise hoti hai
Aap ka urologist aam tor par:
- Sawalaat poochega: soojan kab shuru hui, kya us mein dard hai, aur kya koi chot, infection ya operation hua.
- Muaina karega, jis mein soojan aur jahan mumkin ho testicle ko chhoona shamil hai.
- Soojan ke aar paar roshni dalega. Pani se bhari soojan se roshni guzar jati hai.
- Scrotum ka ultrasound likhega. Yeh dard ke baghair hota hai, pani ko dikhata hai, aur us ke peeche testicle ko saaf dekhne deta hai. Aam tor par is ka mashwara diya jata hai, khaas tor par jab testicle theek se mehsoos na ho.
Agar soojan kisi chot ya infection ke baad shuru hui ho, ya testicle mein aap ko koi ganth mehsoos hui ho, to urologist ko zaroor bataein.
Ilaaj ke tareeqay
Ilaaj hydrocele ke size, aap ko kitni takleef hai, aap ki aam sehat, aur is par mabni hota hai ke testicle ki jaanch ho chuki hai aur woh theek paya gaya hai ya nahi. Mukhya tareeqay yeh hain:
Operation ke baad
Scrotum ke gird soojan, neel aur kuch takleef aam hai aur theek hone mein waqt lagta hai. Yeh aam tor par ahista ahista behtar hoti hai. Tang, sahara dene wala underwear aur aap ke doctor ke batae hue saada dard ki dawaiyan madad karti hain. Aap ka hospital ya urologist zakhm ki dekh bhaal, naahaane, sargarmiyon, wazan uthane, gaari chalane aur kaam par wapas jane ke baare mein sahi hidayaat dega.
Meherbani karke zakhm par tel, balm ya garam sekai tab tak na karein jab tak doctor na kahe.
Mumkina paichidgian
Zyadatar mard theek ho jate hain. Har operation ki tarah masail ho sakte hain. Aap ka urologist faisla karne se pehle aap ke saath khatraat par baat karega.
- Aam: soojan aur neel, aur kuch der ke liye takleef.
- Kam aam: scrotum ke andar khoon behna (sakht, barhti hui, dardnak soojan), zakhm ya scrotum ka infection, pani ka dobara jama hona, ya musalsal dard.
- Nadir: testicle ya us ki khoon ki supply ko nuqsan.
Follow-up
Operation ke baad aap ka urologist aam tor par aap ko dekhega taake zakhm aur scrotum ke theek hone ka jaiza le. Agar aap ne dekhte rehne ka faisla kiya hai to soojan barhne, takleef dene, ya testicle mein koi tabdeeli mehsoos hone par wapas aayen. Agar soyi se pani nikala gaya tha to pani wapas aa sakta hai. Yeh aam hai aur nakami nahi, is liye agle qadam ke baare mein apne urologist se baat karein.
Fauran madad kab lein
Agar aap ko in mein se koi bhi ho to foran apne qareebi hospital ke emergency department jayein:
- Testicle mein achanak shadeed dard, soojan ke saath ya baghair, matli ya ulti ke saath ya baghair. Yeh testicle ka mur jana (torsion) ho sakta hai, jo emergency hai. Testicular torsion guide dekhein.
- Garam, surkh, bohat dardnak scrotum, bukhar ya kapkapi ke saath.
- Aisi soojan jo achanak bohat barh jaye, sakht ho jaye, ya dardnak ho jaye.
- Soojan ke saath ulti, ya ran (groin) mein dardnak ubhaar jo wapas andar na jaye. Yeh hernia ho sakta hai.
- Operation ke baad: bohat khoon behna, tezi se barhti hui dardnak soojan, ya bukhar.
Aam sawalaat
Kya yeh cancer hai?
Hydrocele khud cancer nahi hota. Lekin testicle ke kuch masail, jin mein cancer bhi shamil hai, hydrocele ki wajah ban sakte hain ya hydrocele jaise lag sakte hain. Isi liye theek muaina aur aksar scan ka mashwara diya jata hai.
Kya yeh khud theek ho jata hai?
Chhote bachchon mein aam tor par haan. Baalighon mein hydrocele shaazo nadir khud theek hota hai, agarche bohat se chhote rehte hain aur koi takleef nahi dete.
Kya is se bachche paida karne ki salahiyat ya jinsi zindagi par asar parta hai?
Hydrocele khud aam tor par fertility ya jinsi kaam par asar nahi daalta. Bohat bada hydrocele takleef dah ya be-dhab ho sakta hai. Agar aap bachche ki koshish kar rahe hain to apne urologist ko bataein, taake saath saath doosri cheezein bhi check ho sakein.
Kya mujhe operation karwana hi parega?
Nahi. Agar yeh chhota hai aur takleef nahi deta to aap dekhte reh sakte hain. Operation ka mashwara aam tor par tab diya jata hai jab yeh bara ho, takleef dah ho, barh raha ho, ya rozmarra zindagi mein rukawat bane.
Kya kisi muqami clinic mein soyi se pani nikalwana kaafi hai?
Bohat se mardon mein pani nikalne se sirf thori muddat ka aaram milta hai aur pani aksar wapas aa jata hai. Agar saaf suthri, theek jagah par na ho to infection ka khatra bhi hota hai. Agar aap mustaqil hal chahte hain to operation woh option hai jis par apne urologist se baat karein.
Kya tel ki maalish, hakeem ke nuskhay ya "garmi" ke ilaaj madad karte hain?
In ke madadgar hone ka koi achha saboot nahi. Soojey hue scrotum ko malna ya garam karna halaat kharab kar sakta hai aur theek jaanch mein der kar sakta hai. Meherbani karke pehle soojan ka muaina karwayen, aur jo kuch aap ne istemal kiya hai woh urologist ko bataein.
Kya yeh bhaari cheezein uthane, cycle chalane ya garmi se hota hai?
Nahi. In se hydrocele nahi hota, agarche bohat der khade rehne ke baad bada hydrocele zyada bhaari mehsoos ho sakta hai.
Mere bachche ko hydrocele hai. Kya yeh theek ho jayega?
Aam tor par haan. Zyadatar nali band hone par bagair ilaaj ke theek ho jate hain. Phir bhi doctor ko usay dekhna chahiye taake yaqeen ho ke yeh hernia nahi, aur faisla ho sake ke sirf nigrani kaafi hai ya chhote operation ki zaroorat hai.
What a hydrocele is
The testicle sits inside a thin, double-layered sac in the scrotum. Normally this sac holds only a tiny amount of fluid. A hydrocele is when extra fluid collects in the sac around the testicle, making the scrotum swell on one side, or sometimes on both.
It is a swelling of fluid, not of the testicle itself. A hydrocele is not cancer, and it is not a hernia, although these can look and feel similar. That is why it needs a proper check.
A hydrocele is usually painless and does not harm the testicle. Please do not feel embarrassed to ask for help: it is a very common reason for seeing a urologist.
How common it is
Hydroceles are common. They affect baby boys and men of all ages, and they become more common in older men. Many are small and cause no trouble at all.
Why it happens
Often there is no clear reason, especially in adults. Sometimes a hydrocele follows:
- an infection in the testicle or the tube behind it (epididymo-orchitis);
- an injury to the scrotum;
- surgery or radiotherapy in the area;
- another problem in the testicle, which is one reason a scan is useful.
In baby boys
Many baby boys are born with a hydrocele, because a small channel that links the tummy to the scrotum before birth has not closed completely. Most settle on their own as the channel closes, without any treatment. If your son's swelling is very large, changes a lot in size through the day, or comes with a bulge in the groin, he should be seen by a doctor, because it could be a hernia.
A hydrocele is not caused by hot weather, lifting heavy things, cycling, or anything done in the past. Please do not blame yourself.
Common symptoms
Most men notice:
- A smooth, painless swelling on one or both sides of the scrotum.
- A feeling of heaviness or dragging.
- A swelling that is bigger at the end of the day, or that changes in size.
- Discomfort with clothes, walking, sitting or sex when it is large.
- Embarrassment about how it looks.
A hydrocele usually does not hurt. Pain, a hard lump, or a swelling that is changing quickly needs to be checked soon.
Why it needs a proper check
Several different problems can cause a swelling in the scrotum, and they cannot be told apart reliably at home. A swelling that is thought to be a hydrocele is checked by a doctor to make sure it is not something else, including problems in the testicle itself that need treatment. That is why we advise against leaving a scrotal swelling unchecked, even if it does not hurt.
Most of the time, the answer is simply a hydrocele, and the reassurance is worth having.
How it is diagnosed
Your urologist will usually:
- Ask questions: when the swelling began, whether it is painful, and whether there has been an injury, infection or surgery.
- Examine you, including feeling the swelling and the testicle where possible.
- Shine a light through the swelling. A swelling full of fluid lets the light pass through.
- Arrange a scrotal ultrasound. This is painless, shows the fluid, and lets the testicle behind it be seen clearly. It is usually advised, especially if the testicle cannot be felt properly.
Tell your urologist if the swelling started after an injury or an infection, or if you have noticed any lump in the testicle itself.
Treatment options
Treatment depends on the size of the hydrocele, how much it bothers you, your general health, and whether the testicle has been checked and found healthy. The main options are:
After surgery
Swelling, bruising and some discomfort around the scrotum are common and take time to settle. They usually improve gradually. Snug, supportive underwear and simple painkillers, as advised by your doctor, help. Your hospital or urologist will give you exact instructions about wound care, bathing, activity, lifting, driving and going back to work.
Please do not put oils, balms or hot compresses on the wound unless your doctor tells you to.
Possible complications
Most men do well. As with any operation, problems can happen. Your urologist will talk through the risks with you before you decide.
- Common: swelling and bruising, and some discomfort for a while.
- Less common: bleeding into the scrotum (a firm, growing, painful swelling), infection of the wound or scrotum, fluid collecting again, or ongoing tenderness.
- Rare: damage to the testicle or its blood supply.
Follow-up
After surgery your urologist will usually see you to check how the wound and scrotum are healing. If you chose to wait and watch, come back if the swelling gets bigger, becomes uncomfortable, or if you notice any change in the testicle itself. If you had a needle drained, the fluid may come back. This is common and is not a failure, so speak to your urologist about the next step.
When to seek urgent help
Go to your nearest hospital emergency department straight away if you have any of the following:
- Sudden, severe pain in a testicle, with or without swelling, nausea or vomiting. This could be a twisted testicle, which is an emergency. See the testicular torsion guide.
- A hot, red, very painful scrotum with fever or chills.
- A swelling that suddenly grows large, becomes hard, or becomes painful.
- A swelling with vomiting, or a painful lump in the groin that cannot be pushed back. This could be a hernia.
- After surgery: heavy bleeding, a swelling that is growing fast and painful, or fever.
Common questions
Is it cancer?
A hydrocele itself is not cancer. However, some problems in the testicle, including cancer, can cause a hydrocele or look like one. That is why a proper examination, and often a scan, are advised.
Will it go away on its own?
In baby boys it usually does. In adults a hydrocele rarely goes away by itself, although many stay small and never cause any trouble.
Does it affect fertility or sex?
A hydrocele on its own usually does not affect fertility or sexual function. A very large one can be uncomfortable or awkward. If you are trying for a baby, tell your urologist, as other things can be checked at the same time.
Do I have to have an operation?
No. If it is small and does not bother you, you can wait and watch. Surgery is usually advised when it is large, uncomfortable, growing, or getting in the way of daily life.
Is draining it with a needle at a local clinic enough?
For many men, draining gives only short-term relief and the fluid often comes back. It also carries a risk of infection if done outside a clean, proper setting. If you want a lasting answer, surgery is the option to discuss with your urologist.
Do oil massages, hakeem remedies or "garmi" cures help?
There is no good evidence that they do. Rubbing or heating a swollen scrotum can make things worse and can delay a proper check. Please get the swelling examined first, and tell your urologist about anything you have used.
Is it caused by lifting, cycling or hot weather?
No. These do not cause a hydrocele, although a large one can feel heavier when you have been on your feet for a long time.
My baby has one. Will it go away?
Usually yes. Most settle without treatment as the channel closes. A doctor should still examine him to make sure it is not a hernia, and to decide whether it just needs watching or a small operation.