Scrotal pain or swellingScrotum mein dard ya soojan

Yeh alamat kya hai

Scrotum penis ke neeche khaal ki thaili hai jis mein do testicles hote hain. Har testicle ke peechay epididymis hoti hai, jo nashe-dar nali ki tarah lipti hui naram nali hai aur sperm jama karti hai, aur uske oopar aik cord jata hai jis mein khoon ki nalian aur sperm ki nali jism ke andar tak jati hai. Dard ya soojan khud testicle, uske peechay ki nali, nason ya ird gird ke pani, khaal, ya oopar groin se aa sakti hai jahan hernia scrotum mein neeche aa sakta hai.

Yeh aik taraf ya dono taraf ho sakta hai, aur achanak ya aahista shuru ho sakta hai. Kyunke kuch wajohat intezar nahi kar sakti, is liye dard kitni jaldi shuru hua aur kitna shadeed hai, yeh sab se ahem ishare hain. Meherbani karke pehle is safhay ke oopar wala dibba parhein.

Aam wajohat

Scrotum mein dard ya soojan nawzaaida bachay se le kar boorhay tak kisi ko ho sakti hai. Aam wajohat yeh hain:

• Muri hui testicle (torsion). Achanak, shadeed dard, aksar matli ya ulti ke saath. Testicle soji hui, oopar chadhi hui ya tedhi nazar aa sakti hai. Yeh larkon aur naujawan mardon mein sab se aam hai lekin kisi bhi umar mein ho sakti hai. Yeh emergency hai (dekhein testicular torsion guide).
• Epididymis ya testicle ka infection (epididymo-orchitis). Dard, soojan, surkhi aur garmi jo aik do din mein barhti hai, kabhi bukhar ya peshab ki jalan ke saath (dekhein epididymo-orchitis guide).
• Testicle ke ird gird pani (hydrocele). Chikni, aksar be-dard soojan jo bhaari mehsoos ho sakti hai aur aahista barh sakti hai (dekhein hydrocele guide).
• Phooli hui nasein (varicocele). Halka dard ya kheenchne ka ehsaas, aksar baayen taraf, jo din ke aakhir mein ya khare hone par barh sakta hai (dekhein varicocele guide).
• Hernia. Groin mein ubhaar jo scrotum tak pohanch sakta hai, aksar khare hone ya khansne par zyada nazar aata hai. Agar yeh sakht, dard wala ho jaye aur wapas dabaya na ja sake to emergency ban jata hai.
• Chot. Waar, girna ya sarak ka hadsa scrotum par neel dal sakta hai ya, kam hi, khud testicle ko nuqsan pohancha sakta hai.
• Testicle ke peechay cyst (spermatocele). Chikni, aam tor par be-dard gaanth jo testicle ke oopar ya peechay hoti hai.
• Testicle ka cancer. Is mein aam tor par be-dard gaanth ya soojan hoti hai, kabhi halka dard ya bhaari pan ke saath. Iska zikr testicle mein gaanth guide aur testicular cancer guide mein hai.

Kam aam wajohat mein naujawan ya baalig mard mein mumps, scrotum ki khaal ka infection ya soojan, aur dil, jigar ya kidney ke masail se poore jism ki soojan shamil hain. Dard testicle mein bhi mehsoos ho sakta hai jab woh kahin aur se shuru ho, maslan ureter ki pathri se (dekhein kidney stones guide) ya peeth ki kisi nas se.

Achanak dard intezar kyun nahi kar sakta

Aap ghar par muri hui testicle aur infection mein farq nahi kar sakte. Dard aik jaisa lag sakta hai, aur doctor ko muaina karna, kabhi scan ya operation karna parta hai tabhi pata chalta hai. Is liye meherbani karke achanak, shadeed dard ko muri hui testicle hi samjhein jab tak doctor kuch aur sabit na kare.

Jo dard aik do din mein barhe, surkhi, garmi, bukhar ya peshab ki jalan ke saath, wohi aksar infection hota hai. Phir bhi meherbani karke usi din doctor ko dikhayein, kyunke infection aur torsion aik saath ho sakte hain.

Torsion khud bhi muri aur seedhi ho sakti hai. Agar aap ko thori der ka shadeed dard hua jo phir theek ho gaya, to masla khatam nahi hua ho sakta. Dard chalay jane ke baawajood meherbani karke jald dikhayein.

Jaanch aam tor par kaise hoti hai

Aap ke doctor poochhenge ke dard ya soojan kab shuru hui, kitni jaldi shuru hui, kitni shadeed hai, aur kya ulti, bukhar, peshab ki jalan, chot ya pehle ke daure hue. Kyunke infection jinsi taluq se bhi lag sakta hai, is liye aap se yeh sawal tanhai mein aur bina kisi faislay ke poocha ja sakta hai. Doctor scrotum, groin aur pait ka muaina karenge. Aam tests yeh hain:

• Peshab ka test, infection dekhne ke liye.
• Swab ya doosre tests, agar jinsi taluq se lagne wale infection ka imkaan ho.
• Scrotum ka ultrasound, aik mehfooz scan jo testicle mein khoon ka bahao, pani, cysts, phooli hui nasein aur gaanthein dikhata hai.
• Khoon ke tests, kabhi, agar infection ya koi aur aam bimari ka shak ho.

Agar muri hui testicle ka shadeed shak ho, to surgeon aap ko seedha operation theatre le ja sakte hain. Jab torsion ka imkaan ho to scan operation mein deri ka sabab kabhi nahi banna chahiye, kyunke testicle ka khoon band ho raha hota hai.

Ab kya karein

• Agar dard achanak aur shadeed ho, to abhi jayein. Dekhne ke liye intezar na karein ke theek hota hai ya nahi. Kisi se kahein ke aap ko le jaye.
• Agar aahista shuru hua ho, to aik do din ke andar doctor ko dikhayein, aur bukhar, surkhi ya peshab ki jalan ho to usi din. Ho sake to peshab ka sample saath layein.
• Sharm ki wajah se jaanch na taalein. Doctor yeh roz dekhte hain, aur yeh aisi jaanch hai jo testicle bacha sakti hai.
• Dard wali ya soji hui testicle par malish, ragar, tel, balm ya garam seak na karein. Un ki jagah jari booti ya desi nuskhay bhi na lein. Yeh sahi ilaaj mein deri kar sakte hain.
• Medical store se muaina karwaye baghair antibiotics na kharidein. Ghalat dawai infection ya muri hui testicle ko chhupa kar sahi ilaaj mein deri kar sakti hai.
• Dikhane tak aaram karein aur sakht, sahara dene wala underwear pehnein. Chot ke liye kapray mein lipta thanda pack thori der ke liye soojan kam kar sakta hai. Apne doctor ya pharmacist se poochhein ke aap ke liye kaun si saadi painkiller mehfooz hai.
• Agar infection nikle, to doctor ka diya hua course poora karein, ilaaj tak jinsi taluq se parhez karein, aur poochhein ke saathi ka bhi muaina hona chahiye (dekhein epididymo-orchitis guide).
• Walidain: larke sharm ki wajah se is jagah ka dard aksar chhupate hain. Seedha poochhein. Larke ke achanak pait dard ya ulti ki wajah bhi testicle ho sakti hai, is liye dekh lein.
• Urologist ko dikhayein agar soojan rahe, baar baar aaye, ya scan mein hydrocele, varicocele, cyst ya gaanth nazar aaye.

Aam sawalaat

What this symptom is

The scrotum is the pouch of skin below the penis that holds the two testicles. Behind each testicle sits the epididymis, a soft coiled tube that stores sperm, and above it runs a cord carrying the blood vessels and the sperm tube up into the body. Pain or swelling can come from the testicle itself, the tube behind it, the veins or fluid around it, the skin, or the groin above, where a hernia can push down into the scrotum.

It may affect one side or both, and it may come on suddenly or slowly. Because a few causes cannot wait, the speed of onset and how severe the pain is are the most important clues. Please read the box at the top of this page first.

Common causes

Scrotal pain or swelling can happen from the newborn period to old age. Common causes are:

• A twisted testicle (torsion). Sudden, severe pain, often with nausea or vomiting. The testicle may look swollen, high or at an odd angle. It is most common in boys and young men but can happen at any age. It is an emergency (see the testicular torsion guide).
• Infection of the epididymis or testicle (epididymo-orchitis). Pain, swelling, redness and warmth that build over a day or two, sometimes with fever or burning when passing urine (see the epididymo-orchitis guide).
• Fluid around the testicle (hydrocele). A smooth, often painless swelling that can feel heavy and may grow slowly (see the hydrocele guide).
• Enlarged veins (varicocele). A dull ache or dragging feeling, often on the left side, that may be worse by the end of the day or on standing (see the varicocele guide).
• A hernia. A bulge in the groin that may reach the scrotum, often more obvious on standing or coughing. It becomes an emergency if it turns hard, painful and cannot be pushed back.
• An injury. A blow, fall or road accident can bruise the scrotum or, less often, damage the testicle itself.
• A cyst behind the testicle (spermatocele). A smooth, usually painless lump that sits above or behind the testicle.
• Testicular cancer. This usually causes a painless lump or swelling, sometimes with a dull ache or heaviness. It is covered in the lump in the testicle guide and the testicular cancer guide.

Less common causes include mumps in a teenage or adult male, skin infection or swelling of the scrotal skin, and general swelling of the body from heart, liver or kidney problems. Pain can also be felt in the testicle when it starts elsewhere, for example from a stone in the ureter (see the kidney stones guide) or from a nerve in the back.

Why sudden pain cannot wait

You cannot tell a twisted testicle from an infection at home. The pain can look the same, and a doctor needs to examine you, and sometimes scan or operate, to know. For this reason, please treat sudden, severe pain as a twisted testicle until a doctor has shown otherwise.

Pain that builds over a day or two, with redness, warmth, fever or burning when passing urine, is more likely to be infection. Even then, please see a doctor the same day, because infection and torsion can overlap.

Torsion can also twist and untwist by itself. If you had a short episode of severe pain that then settled, the problem may not be over. Please still be seen soon, even though the pain has gone.

How it is usually investigated

Your doctor will ask when the pain or swelling started, how quickly it came on, how severe it is, and whether there has been vomiting, fever, burning when passing urine, an injury, or earlier episodes. Because infections can be passed on sexually, you may be asked about this privately and without judgement. The doctor will examine the scrotum, the groin and the tummy. Usual tests are:

• A urine test, to look for infection.
• A swab or other tests, if a sexually passed infection is possible.
• Ultrasound of the scrotum, a safe scan that shows the blood flow to the testicle, fluid, cysts, enlarged veins and lumps.
• Blood tests, sometimes, if infection or another general illness is suspected.

If a twisted testicle is strongly suspected, the surgeon may take you straight to the operating theatre. A scan should never delay an operation when torsion is likely, because the testicle is losing its blood supply.

What to do next

• If the pain is sudden and severe, go now. Do not wait to see whether it settles. Ask someone to take you.
• If it came on slowly, see a doctor within a day or two, and sooner if there is fever, redness or burning when passing urine. Please bring a urine sample if you can.
• Do not put off a check out of embarrassment. Doctors see this every day, and it is a check that can save a testicle.
• Do not massage, rub or put oil, balm or a hot compress on a painful or swollen testicle. Do not use herbal or desi remedies in its place. They can delay the right treatment.
• Do not buy antibiotics from a chemist counter without being examined. The wrong medicine can hide an infection or a twisted testicle and delay the right care.
• Until you are seen, rest and wear firm, supportive underwear. For an injury, a cold pack wrapped in a cloth for a short time can ease swelling. Ask your doctor or pharmacist which simple painkiller is safe for you.
• If an infection is found, finish the course your doctor gives you, avoid sex until you are treated, and ask whether a partner should be checked (see the epididymo-orchitis guide).
• Parents: boys often hide pain in this area because they are shy. Ask directly. Sudden tummy pain or vomiting in a boy can also come from a testicle, so please check.
• See a urologist if swelling lasts, keeps coming back, or a scan shows a hydrocele, varicocele, cyst or lump.

Common questions