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Har testicle aik patli thaili mein hota hai. Agar thaili mein paani jama ho jaye to scrotum phool jata hai. Isi ko hydrocele kehte hain (dekhein hydrocele ki guide). Is mein zyada dard nahi hota, lekin bara hydrocele bhaari aur takleef deh ho sakta hai aur sharminda bhi kar sakta hai.
Pehle aam tor par scan (scrotum ka ultrasound) kiya jata hai taake yaqeen ho ke soojan sirf paani ki hai aur testicle mein koi masla nahi (dekhein scrotum mein dard ya soojan ki guide).
Marammat us waqt tajveez ki jati hai jab hydrocele bara ho, takleef de ya pareshan kare, ya jab wajah ka maaina karna ho. Operation (hydrocelectomy) mein scrotum mein chhota cut lagaya jata hai, paani nikala jata hai aur thaili ko trim ya mod diya jata hai taake woh dobara na bhare.
Sui se paani nikalna (aspiration) aasaan option hai, lekin paani aksar wapas aa jata hai, aur infection ya khoon ka khatra hota hai. Kabhi us ke baad thaili mein injection lagaya jata hai taake woh dobara na bhare. Aap ka urologist batayega ke yeh aap ke liye munasib hai ya nahi.
Procedure se pehle
- Scan aur tests: pehle aam tor par ultrasound hota hai. Peshab ke test se infection dekha jata hai (dekhein peshab ke tests ki guide).
- Khoon patla karne wali dawayein aur kisi bhi allergy ke baare mein team ko batayein. Apne taur par koi dawa band na karein.
- Bay-hoshi: operation aam tor par usi din ghar jane wale tareeqe se, poori ya spinal bay-hoshi mein hota hai, aur kabhi local anaesthetic mein. Khaane peene ke baare mein jo hidayaat milein un par amal karein.
- Aap se razamandi (consent) maangi jayegi. Poochhein ke hydrocele ke dobara aane ka kitna imkaan hai, aur testicle ko kya khatra hai.
- Tang, sahara dene wala underwear saath layein. Baad mein aap ko is ki zaroorat hogi.
- Qeemat, operation kahan hoga aur aap kab ghar ja sakte hain, yeh bhi poochh lein.
Procedure ke dauran
Anaesthetic ke asar ke baad scrotum ki jild mein, ya kabhi groin mein, chhota cut lagaya jata hai. Thaili khol kar paani nikala jata hai. Phir surgeon zyada thaili ko trim karta hai, ya ulta kar ke testicle ke peeche taanke laga deta hai taake woh dobara na bhare. Kabhi aik din ke liye chhoti nikaasi ki nali chhod di jati hai.
Cut ko aise taankon se band kiya jata hai jo aam tor par ghul jate hain, aur dressing lagayi jati hai. Operation mein aam tor par aik ghante se kam lagta hai.
Procedure ke baad aur recovery
- Soojan, neel aur dard aam hain, aur dekhne mein mehsoos hone se zyada bure lag sakte hain. Scrotum kuch haftay pehle se bara reh sakta hai aur soojan ke poori tarah utarne mein do mahinay lag sakte hain.
- Pehle aik do haftay din raat sahara dene wala underwear pehnein. Is se soojan aur takleef kam hoti hai.
- Dard ka ilaaj: aam dard ki dawayein aam tor par kaafi hoti hain. Kapray mein lipti thandi patti madad kar sakti hai. Barf seedhi jild par na lagayein.
- Zakhm ki dekh bhaal: pehle aik do din jaisa mashwara ho dressing saaf aur khushk rakhein. Taanke aam tor par ghul jate hain.
- Sargarmi: chand din aaram karein. Takreeban do se chaar haftay, ya jaisa mashwara ho, bhaari wazan uthane, cycling aur zor wali kasrat se parhez karein. Gaari aur kaam ke baare mein poochh lein.
- Jinsi taluq: zakhm bharne aur aaram aane tak ruk jayein. Team se poochhein kitni der.
Mumkina khatrat
- Aam: kuch haftay soojan, neel aur takleef.
- Kam aam: zakhm ka infection, aur scrotum mein khoon jama ho jana (haematoma) jis ki nikaasi karni pad sakti hai.
- Ghair aam: paani ka dobara aa jana, aur scrotum mein lambay arsay tak dard ya takleef.
- Bohat kam: cord ya testicle ki khoon ki supply ko nuqsan, jis se testicle chhota ho sakta hai ya zaroorat par aulad paida karne par asar pad sakta hai, taang ya phephre mein khoon ka lothra, ya anaesthetic ke khatrat.
Follow-up aur nateeje
- Follow-up: kuch haftay baad zakhm aur soojan ka muaina ho sakta hai, ya team phone par rabta kar sakti hai.
- Agar soojan dobara aaye ya nayi gaanth nazar aaye to apne urologist ko dikhayein. Naye scan ki zaroorat ho sakti hai (dekhein ultrasound ki guide).
- Agar kabhi testicle ke andar sakht gaanth mehsoos ho to foran muaina karwayein (dekhein testicular cancer ki guide).
Fauran madad kab lein
Agar in mein se koi bhi ho to fauran qareebi hospital ke emergency department jayein, ya us unit se raabta karein jis ne operation kiya:
- Scrotum ki soojan tezi se barhna ya tani hui, gehri neel, ya shadeed dard (yeh khoon behna ho sakta hai).
- Bukhar, kapkapi ya bohat bimar mehsoos karna, ya zakhm jo surkh, garam ho, jis se rise ya bu aaye (dekhein peshab ke infection ki guide).
- Aap peshab nahi kar pa rahe (dekhein peshab na aane ki guide).
- Pindli mein dard ya soojan, seene mein dard, ya saans lene mein mushkil (khoon ke lothray ki alamaat).
Kuch haftay soojan, neel aur dard aam hai aur emergency ki zaroorat nahi.
Aam sawalaat
Kya yeh dobara aa sakta hai?
Aa sakta hai, lekin operation ke baad aam nahi. Sirf sui se paani nikalne ke baad zyada mumkin hai.
Kya is se aulad paida karne ya jinsi zindagi par asar hota hai?
Hydrocele ka operation aam tor par aulad paida karne ki salahiyat, khaas hissay ki sakhti ya jinsi khwahish par asar nahi dalta. Testicle ko khatra bohat kam hota hai. Aap ko fikar ho to apne surgeon se poochhein.
Kya ilaaj karwana zaroori hai?
Nahi. Jo hydrocele masla na kar raha ho aur scan se pata chal jaye ke yeh sirf paani hai, usay chhoda ja sakta hai. Agar woh pareshan kare ya barhe to ilaaj karwayein.
Kya is mein dard hota hai?
Operation ke dauran aap sunn ya soye hote hain. Baad mein scrotum kuch din dard karta hai jis ko aam dard ki dawayein aam tor par qaboo kar leti hain.
Kaam par kab wapas ja sakta hoon?
Daftar ka kaam karne wale bohat se mard aik haftay ke qareeb wapas aa jate hain. Bhaari kaam mein zyada waqt lagta hai. Team se poochh lein.
Bachchon ka kya?
Larkon ke hydrocele ka ilaaj mukhtalif hota hai, aam tor par groin ke raaste. Bachchon ka surgeon mashwara dega.
What it is and why it is done
Each testicle sits inside a thin sac. If fluid builds up in the sac, the scrotum swells. This is a hydrocele (see the hydrocele guide). It does not hurt much, but a large one can be heavy and uncomfortable, and can be embarrassing.
A scan (ultrasound of the scrotum) is usually done first to be sure the swelling is only fluid, and that there is not a problem in the testicle itself (see the scrotal pain or swelling guide).
Repair is offered when the hydrocele is large, uncomfortable or bothersome, or when the cause needs to be checked. In the operation (called hydrocelectomy) a small cut is made in the scrotum, the fluid is drained and the sac is trimmed or folded back so that it cannot fill up again.
A needle drainage (aspiration) is a simpler option, but the fluid often returns, and there is a risk of infection or bleeding. It is sometimes followed by an injection into the sac to try to stop it refilling. Your urologist will say whether it is suitable for you.
Before the procedure
- Scan and tests: an ultrasound is usually done first. A urine test checks for infection (see the urine tests guide).
- Tell the team about blood thinners and any allergies. Please do not stop any medicine on your own.
- Anaesthetic: the operation is usually done as a day case under a general or spinal anaesthetic, and sometimes under local anaesthetic. Follow the instructions about eating and drinking.
- You will be asked for consent. Please ask about the chance of the hydrocele coming back, and about the risks to the testicle.
- Bring close-fitting, supportive underwear. You will need it afterwards.
- Ask about the cost, where it will be done and when you can go home.
During the procedure
With the anaesthetic working, a small cut is made in the skin of the scrotum, or sometimes in the groin. The sac is opened and the fluid is drained. The surgeon then trims the extra sac, or turns it inside out and stitches it behind the testicle, so it cannot refill. A small drain tube is sometimes left in for a day.
The cut is closed with stitches that usually dissolve, and a dressing is put on. The operation usually takes under an hour.
After the procedure and recovery
- Swelling, bruising and soreness are expected, and can look worse than they feel. The scrotum can be bigger than before for a few weeks, and the swelling may take a couple of months to settle completely.
- Wear supportive underwear day and night for the first week or two. This eases the swelling and discomfort.
- Pain relief: ordinary painkillers are usually enough. A cold pack wrapped in cloth can help. Do not put ice directly on the skin.
- Wound care: keep the dressing clean and dry for the first day or two, as advised. The stitches usually dissolve.
- Activity: take it easy for a few days. Avoid heavy lifting, cycling and strenuous exercise for about two to four weeks, or as advised. Ask about driving and work.
- Sex: wait until the wound has healed and you are comfortable. Ask the team how long.
Possible risks
- Common: swelling, bruising and discomfort for some weeks.
- Less common: a wound infection, and bleeding into the scrotum (a haematoma), which may need to be drained.
- Uncommon: the fluid coming back, and long-lasting soreness or pain in the scrotum.
- Rare: damage to the cord or blood supply of the testicle, which can reduce the size of the testicle or affect fertility, a blood clot in the leg or lung, or the risks of the anaesthetic.
Follow-up and results
- Follow-up: you may be seen after a few weeks to check the wound and the swelling, or the team may arrange a phone call.
- If the swelling comes back or a new lump appears, see your urologist. A new scan may be needed (see the ultrasound guide).
- If you notice a hard lump in the testicle itself at any time, get it checked promptly (see the testicular cancer guide).
When to seek urgent help
Please go to the nearest hospital emergency department, or contact the unit that did your operation, if any of these happen:
- Rapidly increasing swelling or tense, dark bruising of the scrotum, or severe pain (this may be bleeding).
- Fever, shivering or feeling very unwell, or a wound that is red, hot, leaking or smelly (see the urinary tract infection guide).
- You cannot pass urine (see the unable to pass urine guide).
- Pain or swelling in a calf, chest pain, or difficulty breathing (signs of a blood clot).
Some swelling, bruising and soreness for a few weeks is expected and does not need an emergency visit.
Common questions
Will it come back?
It can, but it is not common after an operation. It is more likely after needle drainage alone.
Does it affect fertility or sex?
A hydrocele operation does not usually affect fertility, erections or sex drive. The risks to the testicle are rare. Ask your surgeon if you have concerns.
Do I have to have it treated?
No. A hydrocele that is not causing problems can be left alone once a scan has shown it is only fluid. Treat it if it bothers you or grows.
Does it hurt?
You are numb or asleep during the operation. Afterwards the scrotum is sore for some days, which painkillers usually control.
When can I go back to work?
Many men with desk work return within a week or so. Heavy work needs longer. Ask the team.
What about children?
Hydroceles in boys are treated differently, usually through the groin. A children's surgeon will advise.