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Yeh alamat kya hai
Testicle ki gaanth aik sakht ya thos hissa, soojan, ya testicle ya uske ird gird ke size, shakal ya mehsoos hone mein tabdeeli hoti hai. Bohat si gaanthein dard nahi karti. Kuch mard bhaari ya kheenchne wala ehsaas, groin ya neechle pait mein halka dard, ya aisi testicle mehsoos karte hain jo doosri se bari ya sakht ho gayi ho.
Gaanth kahan hai, yeh ahem hai. Khud testicle ke andar ki gaanth us gaanth se zyada fikr ki baat hai jo testicle ke oopar ya peechay ho aur alag mehsoos ho. Doosri qism ki gaanthein aksar cyst, pani ya phooli hui nasein hoti hain. Lekin aap chhoo kar pakka nahi ho sakte, is liye har nayi gaanth ka muaina zaroori hai.
Aam wajohat
Scrotum mein gaanth ya soojan kisi bhi umar mein ho sakti hai. Aam wajohat yeh hain:
- Testicular cancer. Yeh aam tor par aik testicle mein be-dard gaanth ya soojan ki shakal mein nazar aata hai, kabhi halka dard ya bhaari pan ke saath. Yeh naujawan aur darmiyani umar ke mardon mein sab se zyada milta hai, lekin kisi bhi umar mein ho sakta hai. Is ka ilaaj ho sakta hai, aur jaldi tashkhees behtar nateeje ka sab se achha moqa deti hai (dekhein testicular cancer guide).
- Testicle ke peechay cyst (spermatocele ya epididymal cyst). Testicle ke oopar ya peechay chikni, naram gaanth jo aam tor par beneqsan hoti hai.
- Testicle ke ird gird pani (hydrocele). Chikni soojan jo bhaari mehsoos ho sakti hai (dekhein hydrocele guide).
- Phooli hui nasein (varicocele). Testicle ke oopar naram, na-hamwar soojan, jo khare hone par zyada nazar aati hai (dekhein varicocele guide).
- Infection (epididymo-orchitis). Dard wali, soji hui, surkh ya garam testicle, kabhi bukhar ke saath (dekhein epididymo-orchitis guide).
- Hernia, groin se ubhaar jo scrotum tak pohanch sakta hai.
- Muri hui testicle (torsion). Achanak dard aur soojan, emergency (dekhein testicular torsion guide).
- Chot. Waar ke baad khoon behne se gaanth ban sakti hai jis ko theek hone mein waqt lagta hai. Chot pehle se maujood gaanth ki taraf tawajjo bhi dila sakti hai.
- Kam aam wajohat: epididymis ki TB, jis se sakht, kabhi be-dard gaanth ho sakti hai aur jahan TB aam ho wahan zyada hoti hai, zakhm ka nishaan, aur doosre beneqsan zakhm.
Testicle ki har gaanth ki jaanch kyun zaroori hai
Scrotum ki zyadatar gaanthein cancer nahi hoti. Lekin khud testicle ke andar ki gaanth ko us waqt tak mumkina cancer samjha jata hai jab tak muaina aur scan kuch aur sabit na karein. Wajohat saadi hain: testicle ka cancer aksar be-dard hota hai, is liye dard ka na hona tasalli ki baat nahi, aur dekhte rehne se behtar hai ke jald maloom ho jaye ke yeh barhti hai ya khud theek hoti hai.
Meherbani karke yeh bhi na karein ke urologist ke dekhne se pehle gaanth mein sui daali jaye, ya scrotum ki khaal se operation kiya jaye. Agar cancer ka shak ho, to testicle groin ke raaste se nikali jati hai, scrotum se nahi, aur sui ya khaal ke raaste se cut cancer ke jaraseem phaila sakta hai.
Khud jaanch kaise karein
Naujawani se aap ke liye apni testicles ki jaanch mahine mein taqreeban aik baar karna achhi aadat hai. Behtareen waqt garam pani se nahane ke baad hai jab khaal dheeli ho, tanhai mein.
- Aik waqt mein aik testicle ko angootha aur ungliyon ke beech pakar kar halke se ghumayein. Yeh chikni aur sakht mehsoos honi chahiye, jaise chhilke ke baghair ubla hua anda.
- Har testicle ke peechay naram, ubhri hui nali hoti hai jo epididymis hai. Yeh aam hai aur gaanth nahi.
- Yeh aam hai ke aik testicle doosri se thori bari ho ya thora neeche latke.
- Dekhein ke koi sakht gaanth, size, shakal ya bhaari pan mein tabdeeli, nayi soojan, ya kheenchne wala dard to nahi.
Agar aap ko kuch naya mile, to meherbani karke intezar na karein. Jald doctor ko dikhayein.
Jaanch aam tor par kaise hoti hai
Aap ke doctor poochhenge ke gaanth aap ne kab dekhi, kya badli, kya dard karti hai, aur bukhar, chot, pehle ke infection, aur khandani tareekh ke bare mein. Woh scrotum aur groin ka muaina karenge. Aam tests yeh hain:
- Scrotum ka ultrasound, aik mehfooz scan jo dikhata hai ke gaanth testicle ke andar hai ya bahar, aur thos hai ya pani se bhari. Yeh aham test hai.
- Khoon ke tests, jin mein tumour marker tests shamil hain, agar cancer ka imkaan ho. Yeh kisi bhi operation se pehle liye jate hain.
- Peshab ka test ya swab, agar infection ka imkaan ho.
- Seene aur pait ka CT scan, agar cancer nikle, yeh dekhne ke liye ke kya phail gaya hai.
Agar scan cyst, pani ya phooli hui nasein dikhaye, to agle iqdamaat is par munhasir hain ke kya yeh masail paida karti hain. Agar cancer ka imkaan ho, to aam iqdaam groin ke raaste se testicle nikalna hai (guide jald aa rahi hai: testicle nikalna), jis se tashkhees bhi hoti hai. Agar aap bachay chahte hain, to ilaaj se pehle sperm mehfooz karne ke bare mein apne urologist se poochhein. Mazeed ke liye dekhein testicular cancer guide.
Fauran madad kab lein
Testicle ki kisi bhi nayi gaanth ke liye meherbani karke jald doctor ko dikhayein, aur agar gaanth ya soojan ho aur in mein se koi bhi ho to fauran qareebi hospital ke emergency department jayein:
- Achanak, shadeed dard kisi testicle mein, kisi bhi umar mein (dekhein testicular torsion guide).
- Dard ke saath matli ya ulti, ya aisi testicle jo soji hui, oopar chadhi hui ya tedhi nazar aaye.
- Garam, surkh, bohat soja hua scrotum bukhar ke saath, ya bohat bimar mehsoos karna.
- Groin mein sakht, dard wala ubhaar jo wapas dabaya na ja sake, khaas tor par ulti ke saath.
- Aap peshab nahi kar pa rahe (dekhein peshab na aane ki guide).
- Maloom gaanth ke saath saans phoolna, khoon wali khansi, peeth mein shadeed dard, ya gardan ya pait mein gaanth. Yeh cancer ke phailne ki nishaniyan ho sakti hain aur fauri jaiza chahiye.
Be-dard gaanth in mein se kisi ke baghair aam tor par raat ki emergency nahi hoti, lekin meherbani karke dard hone ka intezar na karein. Agle chand dinon mein doctor ko dikhayein aur ultrasound ke liye kahein.
Ab kya karein
- Jald doctor ko dikhayein, aur muaina aur ultrasound ke liye kahein. Agar kaha jaye ke dekhte rahein, to phir bhi scan ke liye kahein, ya urologist se milne ko kahein.
- Meherbani karke yeh dekhne ke liye intezar na karein ke barhti hai ya khud theek hoti hai, aur isay dabayein ya kuredein nahi.
- Malish, tel, balm, garam seak, ya jari booti aur hakeem ke nuskhay na istemal karein. Yeh tashkhees mein deri kar sakte hain, aur cancer ko khatam nahi karte.
- Urologist ke dekhne se pehle sui ka test ya scrotum ki khaal par cut na karwayein.
- Sharmayein nahi. Doctor yeh roz dekhte hain. Aap kisi rishtedaar ya dost ko saath le ja sakte hain, aur chaperone ke liye keh sakte hain.
- Agar aap bachay chahte hain, to pehle se batayein. Agar cancer ka imkaan ho, to ilaaj se pehle sperm mehfooz karne ke bare mein poochhein, jis mein yeh bhi ke kahan dastiyab hai aur kitna kharch hota hai.
- Is ke baad har mahine dono testicles ki jaanch karein, aur koi tabdeeli doctor ko batayein.
- Urologist ko dikhayein testicle ke andar ki kisi bhi gaanth ke liye, ya aisi gaanth jis ko scan na samjha sake.
- Walidain: larke ke scrotum mein gaanth ke liye bhi jald doctor ka muaina chahiye. Larkon mein aam wajohat pani, hernia ya poori tarah neeche na aayi hui testicle hain, aur achanak dard emergency hai.
Aam sawalaat
Kya testicle ki har gaanth cancer hoti hai?
Nahi. Bohat si gaanthein cyst, pani, phooli hui nasein, infection ya hernia hoti hain, aur yeh aam tor par beneqsan ya aasani se qabil-e-ilaaj hoti hain. Lekin khud testicle ke andar ki gaanth ko hamesha mumkina cancer samjha jata hai jab tak scan aur doctor kuch aur na kahein.
Meri gaanth mein dard nahi. Kya iska matlab hai ke yeh beneqsan hai?
Nahi. Testicular cancer aksar be-dard hota hai, is liye be-dard gaanth ki bhi jaanch zaroori hai. Dard zyada tar infection ya muri hui testicle ki nishani hota hai.
Main jawan aur tandurust hoon. Kya phir bhi cancer ho sakta hai?
Haan. Testicular cancer sab se zyada naujawan aur darmiyani umar ke mardon mein milta hai, jo mahine ki khud jaanch ki aik wajah hai. Yeh kisi aur umar mein bhi ho sakta hai.
Kya khel ya hadsay mein chot lagne se cancer ho sakta hai?
Nahi. Chot se cancer nahi hota. Yeh aksar sirf pehle se maujood gaanth ki taraf tawajjo dilati hai, jo jaanch karwane ki achhi wajah hai.
Kya doctor sui se sample le sakta hai?
Scrotum ke raaste se nahi. Jab cancer ka imkaan ho to yeh mashwara nahi diya jata kyunke is se cancer ke jaraseem phail sakte hain. Agar cancer ka imkaan ho, to testicle groin ke raaste se nikali jati hai, aur phir khud testicle ka muaina hota hai.
Agar cancer ho to kya aik testicle nikal di jayegi aur kya main phir bhi baap ban sakta hoon?
Aam tor par aik testicle nikali jati hai, aur aik sehatmand testicle aksar jinsi kaam, hormones aur fertility ke liye kaafi hoti hai. Agar aap bachay chahte hain to ilaaj se pehle sperm mehfooz karne ke bare mein poochhein. Dekhein testicular cancer guide aur male infertility guide.
Kya hakeem ya jari booti ka ilaaj gaanth ko ghula sakta hai?
Nahi. Munh se li hui ya khaal par lagayi hui koi cheez cancer ko khatam nahi karti, aur koshish karna qeemti waqt zaya kar sakta hai. Kuch cyst aur pani ki soojan ko ilaaj ki zaroorat nahi hoti, lekin sirf muaina aur scan hi bata sakte hain ke aap ko kaun si hai.
Mere naujawan beta ko gaanth mili hai. Main kya karoon?
Meherbani karke usay jald doctor ko dikhayein, aur achanak dard, ulti ya surkhi ho to fauran. Usay batayein ke us ne bolkar sahi kiya, aur larkon aur naujawanon ki zyadatar gaanthon ka ilaaj ho sakta hai.
What this symptom is
A testicular lump is a hard or firm area, a swelling, or a change in the size, shape or feel of a testicle or the area around it. Many lumps cause no pain. Some men notice a heavy or dragging feeling, a dull ache in the groin or lower tummy, or a testicle that has become larger or harder than the other.
Where the lump sits matters. A lump inside the testicle itself is more worrying than one that is above or behind the testicle and can be felt as separate from it. Lumps of that second kind are more often cysts, fluid or enlarged veins. But you cannot be certain by feel, so every new lump needs an examination.
Common causes
A lump or swelling in the scrotum can happen at any age. Common causes are:
- Testicular cancer. It usually appears as a painless lump or swelling in one testicle, and sometimes a dull ache or heaviness. It is most often found in younger and middle-aged men, but can happen at any age. It can be treated, and early diagnosis gives the best chance of a good result (see the testicular cancer guide).
- A cyst behind the testicle (spermatocele or epididymal cyst). A smooth, soft lump above or behind the testicle that is usually harmless.
- Fluid around the testicle (hydrocele). A smooth swelling that can feel heavy (see the hydrocele guide).
- Enlarged veins (varicocele). A soft, uneven swelling above the testicle, more obvious on standing (see the varicocele guide).
- Infection (epididymo-orchitis). A tender, swollen, red or warm testicle, sometimes with fever (see the epididymo-orchitis guide).
- A hernia, a bulge from the groin that may reach the scrotum.
- A twisted testicle (torsion). Sudden pain and swelling, an emergency (see the testicular torsion guide).
- An injury. Bleeding after a blow can form a lump that takes time to settle. An injury can also draw attention to a lump that was already there.
- Less common causes: tuberculosis of the epididymis, which can cause a hard, sometimes painless lump and is more common where TB is common, scar tissue, and other non-cancer growths.
Why every lump in the testicle needs checking
Most lumps in the scrotum are not cancer. But a lump inside the testicle itself should be treated as possible cancer until an examination and a scan show otherwise. The reasons are simple: cancer in the testicle is often painless, so a lack of pain is not reassuring, and it is far better to find out early than to wait and see whether it grows or goes away.
Please also do not have a needle put into the lump, or an operation through the scrotal skin, before a urologist has seen you. If a cancer is suspected, the testicle is removed through the groin, not through the scrotum, and a needle or a cut through the skin can spread cancer cells.
How to check yourself
It is a good habit to check your testicles about once a month, from the teenage years onwards. The best time is after a warm bath or shower, when the skin is relaxed, in private.
- Hold one testicle at a time between your thumb and fingers and roll it gently. It should feel smooth and firm, like a hard-boiled egg without the shell.
- Behind each testicle is a soft, ridge-like tube, the epididymis. This is normal and is not a lump.
- It is normal for one testicle to be a little larger or to hang lower than the other.
- Feel for any hard lump, a change in size, shape or heaviness, a new swelling, or a dragging ache.
If you find anything new, please do not wait. See a doctor soon.
How it is usually investigated
Your doctor will ask when you noticed the lump, whether it has changed, whether it hurts, and about fever, injury, earlier infections, and any family history. They will examine the scrotum and groin. Usual tests are:
- Ultrasound of the scrotum, a safe scan that shows whether the lump is inside the testicle or outside it, and whether it is solid or fluid-filled. It is the key test.
- Blood tests, including tumour marker tests, if a cancer is possible. They are taken before any operation.
- A urine test or swab, if infection is possible.
- A CT scan of the chest and tummy, if a cancer is found, to see whether it has spread.
If the scan shows a cyst, fluid or enlarged veins, the next steps depend on whether it causes problems. If a cancer is likely, the usual step is to remove the testicle through the groin (guide coming soon: removal of a testicle), which also gives the diagnosis. If you want to have children, please ask your urologist about storing sperm before treatment. See the testicular cancer guide for more.
When to seek urgent help
Please see a doctor soon about any new testicular lump, and go to the nearest hospital emergency department if you have a lump or swelling and any of these:
- Sudden, severe pain in a testicle, at any age (see the testicular torsion guide).
- Pain with nausea or vomiting, or a testicle that looks swollen, high or at an odd angle.
- A hot, red, very swollen scrotum with fever, or feeling very unwell.
- A bulge in the groin that is hard, painful and cannot be pushed back, especially with vomiting.
- You cannot pass urine (see the unable to pass urine guide).
- A known lump with breathlessness, a cough with blood, severe back pain, or a lump in the neck or tummy. These can be signs that a cancer has spread and need urgent assessment.
A painless lump without any of these is not usually an emergency in the night, but please do not wait for it to hurt. See a doctor in the next few days and ask for an ultrasound.
What to do next
- See a doctor soon, and ask for an examination and an ultrasound. If you are told to wait and see, ask for the scan anyway, or ask to see a urologist.
- Please do not wait to see whether it grows or goes away, and do not squeeze or poke it.
- Do not use massage, oils, balms, hot compresses, or herbal or hakeem remedies. They can delay a diagnosis, and they will not remove a cancer.
- Do not allow a needle test or a cut through the scrotal skin before a urologist has seen you.
- Do not be embarrassed. Doctors see this every day. You can bring a relative or friend with you, and you can ask for a chaperone.
- If you want to have children, mention it early. If a cancer is likely, ask about storing sperm before treatment, including where it is available and what it costs.
- Check both testicles every month after this, and tell your doctor about any change.
- See a urologist for any lump inside the testicle, or any lump that a scan cannot explain.
- Parents: a lump in a boy's scrotum also needs a doctor's check soon. Common causes in boys are fluid, a hernia or a testicle that is not fully descended, and sudden pain is an emergency.
Common questions
Is every lump in the testicle cancer?
No. Many lumps are cysts, fluid, enlarged veins, infection or a hernia, and these are usually harmless or easy to treat. But a lump inside the testicle itself should always be treated as possible cancer until a scan and a doctor say otherwise.
My lump does not hurt. Does that mean it is harmless?
No. Testicular cancer is often painless, so a painless lump still needs checking. Pain is more often a sign of infection or a twisted testicle.
I am young and fit. Can it still be cancer?
Yes. Testicular cancer is most often found in younger and middle-aged men, which is one reason the monthly self-check matters. It can also happen at any other age.
Can a knock during sport or an accident cause cancer?
No. An injury does not cause cancer. It often just draws attention to a lump that was already there, which is a good reason to have it checked.
Can the doctor take a sample with a needle?
Not through the scrotum. This is not advised when a cancer is possible, because it can spread cancer cells. If a cancer is likely, the testicle is removed through the groin, and the testicle itself is then examined.
If it is cancer, will I lose a testicle and still be able to father children?
Usually one testicle is removed, and one healthy testicle is often enough for sexual function, hormones and fertility. If you want children, ask about storing sperm before any treatment. See the testicular cancer guide and the male infertility guide.
Can a hakeem or herbal treatment dissolve the lump?
No. Nothing taken by mouth or rubbed on the skin removes a cancer, and trying one can cost precious time. Some cysts and fluid swellings do not need treatment, but only an examination and a scan can tell which one you have.
My teenage son has found a lump. What should I do?
Please take him to a doctor soon, and straight away if there is sudden pain, vomiting or redness. Tell him he has done the right thing by speaking up, and that most lumps in boys and teenagers can be treated.